Rossie James B
Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
J Morphol. 2006 Jan;267(1):1-40. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10263.
The identity and taxonomic distribution of paranasal sinuses among living platyrrhines has remained a contentious issue (e.g., Cave [1967] Am J Phys Anthropol 26:277-288 vs. Hershkovitz [1977] Chicago: University of Chicago Press) largely because the ontogenetic data required for their detection and identification (e.g., Cave [1967]; Maier [2000] Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 99-132.) were not attainable without sacrificing valuable juvenile and subadult specimens. Non-invasive computed tomography (CT) scanning of ontogenetic series of skulls for 10 platyrrhine genera demonstrates the presence of maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, as well as homologs of the human sphenoid and frontal sinuses. Differences in the latter two sinuses between platyrrhines and hominoids highlight the need for early developmental data in establishing sinus homology. In particular, the identification of homologous recesses in the cartilaginous nasal capsule, from which sinuses later develop, emerges as the critical step. This developmental approach also reveals that the anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses are each sets of serial homologs, a point which reconciles previous difficulties in establishing sinus homologies across mammalian orders (e.g., Paulli [1900] Gegenbaurs Morphol Jahrb 28:147-178, 179-251, 483-564).
现存阔鼻猴类鼻旁窦的特征及分类分布一直是个有争议的问题（例如，凯夫[1967年]《美国体质人类学杂志》26:277 - 288与赫什科维茨[1977年]芝加哥：芝加哥大学出版社的观点相悖），主要原因是在不牺牲珍贵的幼年和亚成年标本的情况下，无法获得用于检测和识别鼻旁窦所需的个体发育数据（例如，凯夫[1967年]；迈尔[2000年]英国剑桥：剑桥大学出版社，第99 - 132页）。对10个阔鼻猴属的头骨个体发育系列进行非侵入性计算机断层扫描（CT）显示，存在上颌窦和筛窦，以及人类蝶窦和额窦的同源结构。阔鼻猴类和类人猿在后两种鼻窦上的差异凸显了在建立鼻窦同源性时获取早期发育数据的必要性。特别是，识别软骨性鼻囊中的同源隐窝（鼻窦随后从中发育）成为关键步骤。这种发育学方法还表明，前筛窦和后筛窦各自都是一系列的同源结构，这一点解决了以往在跨哺乳动物目建立鼻窦同源性时遇到的困难（例如，保利[1900年]《格根鲍尔形态学年鉴》28:147 - 178、179 - 251、483 - 564）。
