Kodaman Pinar H, Taylor Hugh S
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;31(4):745-66, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2004.08.008.
Implantation is a complex process that requires synchronization between the embryo and a receptive endometrium. Hormones, such as the female sex steroids, prostaglandins, and peptide hormones, regulate the cellular and molecular mediators of endometrial receptivity, which include pinopodes, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, homeobox genes, and growth factors. These mediators can be altered, despite the presence of normal hormone levels and endometrial histology; this limits the usefulness of the luteal phase endometrial biopsy. Therefore, analysis of markers of endometrial receptivity may predict successful implantation better. Elevated androgen and estrogen levels, as seen with polycystic ovary syndrome and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, respectively, also can have detrimental effects on the endometrium, and therefore, implantation.
着床是一个复杂的过程，需要胚胎与具有接受性的子宫内膜同步。激素，如女性甾体激素、前列腺素和肽类激素，调节子宫内膜接受性的细胞和分子介质，其中包括微绒毛、细胞黏附分子、细胞因子、同源框基因和生长因子。尽管激素水平和子宫内膜组织学正常，但这些介质仍可能发生改变；这限制了黄体期子宫内膜活检的实用性。因此，分析子宫内膜接受性标志物可能更有助于预测着床成功。分别在多囊卵巢综合征和控制性卵巢过度刺激中所见的雄激素和雌激素水平升高，也可能对子宫内膜以及着床产生不利影响。
