Rainey William E, Rehman Khurram S, Carr Bruce R
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9032, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;31(4):817-35, x. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2004.08.006.
Human pregnancy is marked by alterations in several endocrine systems--perhaps most notably, the striking increase in steroid hormone production by the adrenals of the fetus and mother. Morphologically and physiologically, the human fetal adrenal glands are remarkable organs. In proportion to the adult organs, the adrenal cortex is the largest organ of the fetus. At term, they produce more steroid and weigh the same as adrenal glands of the adult. Much of the steroid that is released by the fetal and maternal adrenals during pregnancy is the sulfated form of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-S), which is used by the placenta to produce estrogens. Herein, we discuss the physiologic and pathophysiologic hormonal changes of the fetal and maternal adrenals during the course of pregnancy.
人类妊娠的特征是多个内分泌系统发生改变，或许最显著的是胎儿和母亲肾上腺甾体激素分泌显著增加。从形态学和生理学角度来看，人类胎儿肾上腺是非常特殊的器官。与成体器官相比，肾上腺皮质是胎儿最大的器官。足月时，它们分泌的甾体更多，重量与成体肾上腺相同。孕期胎儿和母体肾上腺释放的甾体大部分是硫酸脱氢表雄酮（DHEA-S），胎盘利用它来合成雌激素。在此，我们讨论孕期胎儿和母体肾上腺的生理和病理生理激素变化。
