母乳喂养、奶瓶喂养和非营养性吸吮；对乳牙咬合的影响。
Breast feeding, bottle feeding, and non-nutritive sucking; effects on occlusion in deciduous dentition.
作者信息
Viggiano D, Fasano D, Monaco G, Strohmenger L
机构信息
Ambulatory Paediatrician, Local Health Unit Salerno 1, Campania Region, Italy.
出版信息
Arch Dis Child. 2004 Dec;89(12):1121-3. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.029728.
AIMS
To assess the effect of the type of feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity on occlusion in deciduous dentition.
METHODS
Retrospective study of 1130 preschool children (3-5 years of age) who had detailed infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity history collected by a structured questionnaire. They all had an oral examination by a dentist, blinded to different variables evaluated.
RESULTS
Non-nutritive sucking activity has a substantial effect on altered occlusion, while the effect of bottle feeding is less marked. The type of feeding did not have an effect on open bite, which was associated (89% of children with open bite) with non-nutritive sucking. Posterior cross-bite was more frequent in bottle fed children and in those with non-nutritive sucking activity. The percentage of cross-bite was lower in breast fed children with non-nutritive sucking activity (5%) than in bottle fed children with non-nutritive sucking activity (13%).
CONCLUSIONS
Data show that non-nutritive sucking activity rather than the type of feeding in the first months of life is the main risk factor for development of altered occlusion and open bite in deciduous dentition. Children with non-nutritive sucking activity and being bottle fed had more than double the risk of posterior cross-bite. Breast feeding seems to have a protective effect on development of posterior cross-bite in deciduous dentition.
目的
评估喂养方式和非营养性吸吮活动对乳牙列咬合的影响。
方法
对1130名学龄前儿童（3至5岁）进行回顾性研究，通过结构化问卷收集他们详细的婴儿喂养和非营养性吸吮活动史。所有儿童均由一名对所评估的不同变量不知情的牙医进行口腔检查。
结果
非营养性吸吮活动对咬合改变有显著影响，而奶瓶喂养的影响则不太明显。喂养方式对开牙合没有影响，开牙合与非营养性吸吮有关（89%的开牙合儿童）。后牙反牙合在奶瓶喂养儿童和有非营养性吸吮活动的儿童中更为常见。有非营养性吸吮活动的母乳喂养儿童的反牙合百分比（5%）低于有非营养性吸吮活动的奶瓶喂养儿童（13%）。
结论
数据表明，非营养性吸吮活动而非出生后最初几个月的喂养方式是乳牙列咬合改变和开牙合发展的主要危险因素。有非营养性吸吮活动且奶瓶喂养的儿童后牙反牙合的风险增加一倍以上。母乳喂养似乎对乳牙列后牙反牙合的发展有保护作用。
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