Niyazi Nuri, Lauzon Carol R, Shelly Todd E
USDA-APHIS, P.O. Box 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2004 Oct;97(5):1570-80. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-97.5.1570.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of probiotic adult diets, i.e., adult diets containing viable symbiotic intestinal bacteria, on the pheromone-calling activity, mating success, life expectancy, and survival of mass-reared male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), as an avenue for improving the field performance of sterile males in release programs to eradicate, suppress, or prevent spread of wild populations. The effect of inoculation of two standard adult diets (sugar-yeast granulate [SY] and sugar agar [s]) and two experimental formulations (yeast-reduced granulate [Sy] and yeast-enhanced sugar agar [sy]) with Enterobacter agglomerans and Klebsiella pneumoniae (typically occurring in the gut of wild flies) on the different fitness components was assessed in the laboratory and on field-caged host trees. We found that, in the laboratory, males reared on the probiotic yeast-enhanced agar, sy, had a significant mating advantage over competitors fed the standard s agar (probiotic and control) or noninoculated sy agar; no effect of probiotic enrichment (or lowering the yeast content) was found with the granular diets. Mating test results obtained in the field were inconsistent with laboratory data in that no differences in the numbers of matings were observed between males reared on any of the probiotic and control agar diets (or the SY granulate), whereas males feeding on the probiotic modified granulate, Sy, scored significantly more matings than their control competitors. The pheromone-calling activity of males maintained on the granular diets was not affected by probiotic enrichment on any of the seven observation days. Agar-fed males, however, "called" more frequently on days 6 and 7 (but not on days 1-5) when their diet contained the probiotic load. Laboratory survival of granulate-fed males was found to be significantly prolonged with probiotic inoculation and lowering the yeast content of the standard SY granulate (but not with probiotic inoculation of sy). Similarly, males reared on the probiotic and control modified agars (sy) survived significantly longer than those feeding on the standard s agars (inoculated and control). Again, the results obtained in the field were inconsistent, because no differences between treated and control males were found for any of the diets. The findings are discussed in the light of other published studies on adult nutrition and behavioral ecology in C. capitata.
本研究的目的是调查益生菌成虫饲料，即含有活的共生肠道细菌的成虫饲料，对大规模饲养的雄性地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)）的性信息素吸引活性、交配成功率、预期寿命和存活率的影响，以此作为提高释放计划中不育雄性实蝇田间性能的途径，以根除、抑制或防止野生种群的扩散。评估了用成团肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌（通常存在于野生果蝇肠道中）接种两种标准成虫饲料（糖酵母颗粒饲料[SY]和糖琼脂饲料[s]）以及两种实验配方饲料（酵母减少颗粒饲料[Sy]和酵母增强糖琼脂饲料[sy]）对不同适合度成分的影响，实验在实验室和田间笼养寄主树上进行。我们发现，在实验室中，以益生菌酵母增强琼脂饲料sy饲养的雄性实蝇比以标准s琼脂饲料（益生菌饲料和对照饲料）或未接种的sy琼脂饲料喂养的竞争对手具有显著的交配优势；颗粒饲料未发现益生菌富集（或降低酵母含量）的影响。在田间获得的交配测试结果与实验室数据不一致，因为在以任何益生菌和对照琼脂饲料（或SY颗粒饲料）饲养的雄性实蝇之间，未观察到交配次数的差异，而以益生菌改良颗粒饲料Sy喂养的雄性实蝇的交配次数显著多于其对照竞争对手。在七个观察日中的任何一天，以颗粒饲料饲养的雄性实蝇的性信息素吸引活性都不受益生菌富集的影响。然而，以琼脂饲料饲养的雄性实蝇，当它们的饲料含有益生菌时，在第6天和第7天（但在第1 - 5天没有）“呼叫”得更频繁。发现用益生菌接种并降低标准SY颗粒饲料的酵母含量可显著延长以颗粒饲料饲养的雄性实蝇的实验室存活时间（但用sy进行益生菌接种则没有效果）。同样，以益生菌和对照改良琼脂饲料（sy）饲养的雄性实蝇比以标准s琼脂饲料（接种和对照）喂养的雄性实蝇存活时间显著更长。再次，在田间获得的结果不一致，因为对于任何饲料，在处理组和对照组雄性实蝇之间未发现差异。结合其他已发表的关于地中海实蝇成虫营养和行为生态学的研究对这些发现进行了讨论。
