Morris Steven, Allchin Colin R, Zegers Bart N, Haftka Joris J H, Boon Jan P, Belpaire Claude, Leonards Pim E G, Van Leeuwen Stefan P J, De Boer Jacob
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom DT4 8UB.
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Nov 1;38(21):5497-504. doi: 10.1021/es049640i.
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (alpha-, beta/-, and gamma-HBCD) were investigated in effluents from sewage treatment works, landfill leachates, sediments, and food web organisms of the North Sea basin. Residues were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both flame retardants were enriched in sewage sludges, where a maximum total (sigma) HBCD concentration of 9.1 mg/kg (dry weight; d.w.) was found; TBBPA was at levels of 102 microg/kg. Landfill leachates from The Netherlands showed up to 36 mg (sigmaHBCD)/ kg (d.w.). gamma-HBCD dominated isomeric profiles in sediments, and concentrations were elevated near to a site of HBCD manufacture. alpha-HBCD was the primary congener detected in marine mammals; however, very few samples exhibited TBBPA. sigmaHBCD ranged from 2.1 to 6.8 mg/kg (lipid weight; l.w.) in liver and blubber of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and seals (Phoca vitulina). TBBPA levels in cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) livers were up to 1 order of magnitude lower compared to sigmaHBCD. HBCD in eels (Anguilla anguilla) from the Scheldt basin (Belgium) reflected the spatial distribution of concentrations in local sediments. This study shows evidence of HBCD bioaccumulation at the trophic level and biomagnification in the ascending aquatic food chain, and these findings justify risk assessment studies at the ecosystem level.
对北海流域污水处理厂的废水、垃圾渗滤液、沉积物以及食物网生物中的四溴双酚A（TBBPA）和六溴环十二烷非对映异构体（α-、β-和γ-六溴环十二烷）进行了调查。通过液相色谱 - 质谱法定量残留量。两种阻燃剂在污水污泥中均有富集，其中六溴环十二烷的最大总浓度（σ-HBCD）为9.1毫克/千克（干重）；四溴双酚A的含量为102微克/千克。荷兰的垃圾渗滤液中σ-HBCD含量高达36毫克/千克（干重）。γ-六溴环十二烷在沉积物的异构体分布中占主导地位，在靠近六溴环十二烷生产场地附近浓度升高。α-六溴环十二烷是在海洋哺乳动物中检测到的主要同系物；然而，很少有样本检测出四溴双酚A。港湾鼠海豚（Phocoena phocoena）和海豹（Phoca vitulina）肝脏和鲸脂中的σ-HBCD含量在2.1至6.8毫克/千克（脂质重量）之间。鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax carbo）肝脏中的四溴双酚A含量比σ-HBCD低1个数量级。来自斯海尔德河流域（比利时）的鳗鱼（Anguilla anguilla）体内的六溴环十二烷反映了当地沉积物中浓度的空间分布。这项研究表明了六溴环十二烷在营养级的生物累积以及在上升的水生食物链中的生物放大作用，这些发现证明了在生态系统层面进行风险评估研究的合理性。
