Iriarte José, Holst Irene, Marozzi Oscar, Listopad Claudia, Alonso Eduardo, Rinderknecht Andrés, Montaña Juan
Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archaeology, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 2072, Balboa, Panama.
Nature. 2004 Dec 2;432(7017):614-7. doi: 10.1038/nature02983.
Multidisciplinary investigations at the Los Ajos archaeological mound complex in the wetlands of southeastern Uruguay challenge the traditional view that the La Plata basin was inhabited by simple groups of hunters and gatherers for much of the pre-Hispanic era. Here we report new archaeological, palaeoecological and botanical data indicating that during an increasingly drier mid-Holocene, at around 4,190 radiocarbon (14C) years before present (bp), Los Ajos became a permanent circular plaza village, and its inhabitants adopted the earliest cultivars known in southern South America. The architectural plan of Los Ajos during the following Ceramic Mound Period (around 3,000-500 14C yr bp) is similar to, but earlier than, settlement patterns demonstrated in Amazonia, revealing a new and independent architectural tradition for South America.
乌拉圭东南部湿地的洛斯阿霍斯考古土墩建筑群的多学科调查对传统观点提出了挑战，该传统观点认为在西班牙前时代的大部分时间里，拉普拉塔盆地居住着简单的狩猎采集群体。在此，我们报告新的考古、古生态和植物学数据，这些数据表明，在距今约4190放射性碳（14C）年的全新世中期日益干旱期间，洛斯阿霍斯成为了一个永久性的圆形广场村落，其居民采用了南美洲南部已知的最早栽培作物。在随后的陶瓷土墩时期（约公元前3000 - 500 14C年），洛斯阿霍斯的建筑规划与亚马逊地区所展示的聚落模式相似，但时间更早，揭示了南美洲一种新的独立建筑传统。
