Rice Frances, van den Bree Marianne B M, Thapar Anita
Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
BMC Psychiatry. 2004 Dec 13;4:43. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-4-43.
Anxiety and depression co-occur in children and adolescents with anxiety commonly preceding depression. Although there is some evidence to suggest that the association between early anxiety and later depression is explained by a shared genetic aetiology, the contribution of environmental factors is less well examined and it is unknown whether anxiety itself is a phenotypic risk factor for later depression. These explanations of the association between early anxiety and later depression were evaluated.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed longitudinally in a U.K. population-based sample of 676 twins aged 5-17 at baseline. At baseline, anxiety and depression were assessed by parental questionnaire. Depression was assessed three years later by parental and adolescent questionnaire.
Shared genetic effects between early anxiety and later depression were found. A model of a phenotypic risk effect from early anxiety on later depression provided a poor fit to the data. However, there were significant genetic effects specific to later depression, showing that early anxiety and later depression do not index entirely the same genetic risk.
Anxiety and depression are associated over time because they share a partly common genetic aetiology rather than because the anxiety phenotype leads to later depression.
焦虑和抑郁在儿童及青少年中共同出现，焦虑通常先于抑郁。尽管有一些证据表明早期焦虑与后期抑郁之间的关联可由共同的遗传病因来解释，但环境因素的作用较少得到充分研究，且焦虑本身是否是后期抑郁的表型风险因素尚不清楚。本研究对早期焦虑与后期抑郁之间关联的这些解释进行了评估。
对英国一个基于人群的样本进行纵向评估，该样本包括676对双胞胎，基线年龄为5至17岁。在基线时，通过父母问卷评估焦虑和抑郁症状。三年后通过父母问卷和青少年问卷评估抑郁情况。
发现早期焦虑与后期抑郁之间存在共同的遗传效应。早期焦虑对后期抑郁具有表型风险效应的模型与数据拟合度较差。然而，后期抑郁存在显著的特定遗传效应，这表明早期焦虑和后期抑郁并非完全指示相同的遗传风险。
随着时间推移，焦虑和抑郁相关是因为它们部分共享共同的遗传病因，而非焦虑表型导致后期抑郁。
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