Clarke Victoria, Kitzinger Celia, Potter Jonathan
School of Psychology, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2004 Dec;43(Pt 4):531-50. doi: 10.1348/0144666042565362.
Psychologists recognize homophobic bullying as a serious problem for young lesbians and gay men; however, when it comes to children in lesbian and gay households the issue is not so clear cut. Some psychologists sympathetic to lesbian and gay parenting regard it as a problem, but most do not. Despite this, the inevitability and severe psychological consequences of homophobic bullying is a prevalent theme in discussions of lesbian and gay parenting in contexts ranging from custody cases to television talk shows, and is used to implicate lesbians and gay men as unfit to parent. This is the broader context in which lesbian and gay parents discuss their children's experiences of bullying. In this study, we provide a discursive psychological analysis of six lesbian and gay parents' accounts of bullying. We argue that these accounts are discursively and rhetorically designed to deal with a heterosexist social/political context. Lesbian and gay parents face a dilemma of stake and accountability: reports of no bullying risk being heard as implausible given the prevalence of the bullying theme; at the same time, reports of bullying are equally if not more risky, raising the possibility of charges of bad parenting. We explore the detail of the parents' accounts of bullying to illustrate how they are designed to negotiate this web of accountability, and we argue for the importance for critical social psychology of analysing the talk of socially/politically marginalized groups.
心理学家认识到恐同霸凌是年轻女同性恋者和男同性恋者面临的一个严重问题；然而，对于女同性恋和男同性恋家庭中的孩子来说，问题并非如此简单明了。一些同情女同性恋和男同性恋育儿方式的心理学家将其视为一个问题，但大多数人并不这么认为。尽管如此，在从监护权案件到电视脱口秀等各种背景下，恐同霸凌的必然性及其严重的心理后果是女同性恋和男同性恋育儿讨论中的一个普遍主题，并被用来暗示女同性恋者和男同性恋者不适合做父母。女同性恋和男同性恋父母正是在这样一个更广泛的背景下讨论他们孩子遭受霸凌的经历。在本研究中，我们对六位女同性恋和男同性恋父母关于霸凌的叙述进行了话语心理学分析。我们认为，这些叙述在话语和修辞上是为了应对异性恋至上的社会/政治背景而设计的。女同性恋和男同性恋父母面临着利害关系和责任的困境：鉴于霸凌主题的普遍性，如果报告没有霸凌情况，可能会被认为不可信；与此同时，报告有霸凌情况同样甚至更有风险，这增加了被指控育儿不当的可能性。我们探究了父母关于霸凌叙述的细节，以说明它们是如何设计来应对这个责任网络的，并且我们主张批判性社会心理学分析社会/政治边缘化群体的谈话具有重要意义。
