Schwann cells and endoneurial extracellular matrix molecules as potential cues for sorting of regenerated axons: a review.

Besides very well elaborated microsurgical management of severed peripheral nerves, the clinical results of functional recovery following surgical repair of mixed nerves are disappointing. An improvement of functional recovery after peripheral nerve lesion requires the accurate regeneration of axons to their original target tissues and structures. Therefore, better clinical results could be obtained by a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of selective nerve regeneration. The studies concerning Schwann cells and their endoneurial extracellular matrix as potent cues for selective promotion and influence of regenerating motor and sensory axons are reviewed. Knowledge of the sorting mechanisms of regenerated motor and sensory axons is needed not only for improvement of functional recovery, but also for the development of biocompatible nerve prostheses.