Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and trafficking--paradigms revisited.

The recognition of growth factors and other cell signaling agents by their cognate cell surface receptors triggers a cascade of signal transducing events. Ligand binding and subsequent activation of many signal transducing receptors increases their rate of internalization. Endocytosis of the receptor has always been viewed as primarily a mechanism for signal attenuation and receptor degradation, but recent evidence suggests that internalization may result in the formation of specialized signaling platforms on intracellular vesicles. Thus, understanding how interactions between receptors and intracellular signaling molecules, such as adaptors, GTPases, and kinases, are regulated will undoubtedly provide insight into the ways that cells sense and adapt to the extracellular milieu.