糖原合酶激酶3β/β-连环蛋白轴通过激活内皮细胞中的血管内皮生长因子信号通路来促进血管生成。
Glycogen-Synthase Kinase3beta/beta-catenin axis promotes angiogenesis through activation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in endothelial cells.
作者信息
Skurk Carsten, Maatz Henrike, Rocnik Edward, Bialik Ann, Force Thomas, Walsh Kenneth
机构信息
Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass 02118, USA.
出版信息
Circ Res. 2005 Feb 18;96(3):308-18. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000156273.30274.f7. Epub 2005 Jan 20.
Glycogen-Synthase Kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) has been shown to function as a nodal point of converging signaling pathways in endothelial cells to regulate vessel growth, but the signaling mechanisms downstream from GSK3beta have not been identified. Here, we show that beta-catenin is an important downstream target for GSK3beta action in angiogenesis and dissect the signal transduction pathways involved in the angiogenic phenotype. Transduction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a kinase-mutant form of the enzyme (KM-GSK3beta) increased cytosolic beta-catenin levels, whereas constitutively active GSK3beta (S9A-GSK3beta) reduced beta-catenin levels. Lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor promoter activity was upregulated by KM-GSK3beta and diminished by S9A-GSK3beta, whereas manipulation of Akt signaling had no effect on this parameter. beta-Catenin transduction induced capillary formation in a Matrigel-plug assay in vivo and promoted endothelial cell differentiation into network structures on Matrigel-coated plates in vitro. beta-Catenin activated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C in endothelial cells, and these effects were mediated at the levels of protein, mRNA, and promoter activity. Consistent with these data, beta-catenin increased the phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and promoted its association with PI3-kinase, leading to a dose-dependent activation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt. Inhibition of PI3-kinase or Akt signaling led to a significant reduction in the pro-angiogenic activity of beta-catenin. Collectively, these data show that the growth factor-PI3-kinase-Akt axis functions downstream of GSK3beta/beta-catenin signaling in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis.
糖原合酶激酶3β(GSK3β)已被证明在内皮细胞中作为汇聚信号通路的节点发挥作用,以调节血管生长,但GSK3β下游的信号传导机制尚未明确。在此,我们表明β-连环蛋白是GSK3β在血管生成中作用的重要下游靶点,并剖析了参与血管生成表型的信号转导通路。用该酶的激酶突变形式(KM-GSK3β)转导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)可增加胞质β-连环蛋白水平,而组成型活性GSK3β(S9A-GSK3β)则降低β-连环蛋白水平。淋巴细胞增强因子/T细胞因子启动子活性被KM-GSK3β上调,被S9A-GSK3β下调,而Akt信号传导的操作对该参数无影响。β-连环蛋白转导在体内的基质胶栓试验中诱导毛细血管形成,并在体外促进内皮细胞在基质胶包被的平板上分化为网络结构。β-连环蛋白在内皮细胞中激活血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)-A和VEGF-C的表达,这些作用在蛋白质、mRNA和启动子活性水平上介导。与这些数据一致,β-连环蛋白增加了VEGF受体2(VEGF-R2)的磷酸化,并促进其与PI3激酶的结合,导致丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶Akt的剂量依赖性激活。PI3激酶或Akt信号传导的抑制导致β-连环蛋白的促血管生成活性显著降低。总体而言,这些数据表明生长因子-PI3激酶-Akt轴在内皮细胞中在GSK3β/β-连环蛋白信号传导下游发挥作用,以促进血管生成。