Gamma Alex, Jerome Lisa, Liechti Matthias E, Sumnall Harry R
Research Department, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Lenggstrasse 31, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 Feb 14;77(2):185-93. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.014.
Recent publications claim that the recreational drug ecstasy is considered to be safe by many or most ecstasy users, or by young people or the general public. Unfortunately, there are no references that provide any support for this claim. Previous studies of various populations, including drug users and adolescents in several nations, also failed to support claims of the perceived safety of ecstasy. Epidemiological surveys from the USA and UK consistently report high proportions of young people who perceive great risk in using ecstasy. Studies in ecstasy users show that they are aware of a number of short- and long-term risks of ecstasy use, although, in the absence of actual problems, they evaluate the personal significance of these risks as low. This study further investigated the perceived harmfulness of ecstasy, drawing on an online survey of over 900 drug users. Little support for the claim was found. Seventy-three percent of the participants in the online survey viewed ecstasy as carrying at least 'some risk'. The claim of ecstasy's perceived safety is plausibly based on researchers' assumptions that the continued widespread use of the drug indicates that users are unaware of the associated risks, and that informing them about these risks would lead to a reduction in drug use. We argue that these assumptions are inadequate and that drug information and harm reduction strategies should focus on more affective and personally significant aspects of risk perception.
最近的出版物称，许多或大多数摇头丸使用者、年轻人或普通公众认为摇头丸这种消遣性毒品是安全的。不幸的是，没有参考文献能支持这一说法。此前对包括几个国家的吸毒者和青少年在内的不同人群进行的研究，也未能支持摇头丸被视为安全的说法。美国和英国的流行病学调查一致报告称，有很大比例的年轻人认为使用摇头丸存在很大风险。对摇头丸使用者的研究表明，他们意识到使用摇头丸存在一些短期和长期风险，不过，在没有实际问题的情况下，他们认为这些风险对个人的影响较小。本研究通过对900多名吸毒者进行在线调查，进一步探究了对摇头丸危害的认知。几乎没有找到支持上述说法的依据。在线调查中73%的参与者认为摇头丸至少“有一定风险”。认为摇头丸安全这一说法看似基于研究人员的假设，即该药物持续广泛使用表明使用者未意识到相关风险，并且告知他们这些风险会导致吸毒行为减少。我们认为这些假设是不充分的，毒品信息和减少危害策略应侧重于风险认知中更具情感性和个人重要性的方面。
