Whittemore Robin, D'Eramo Melkus Gail, Grey Margaret
Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut 06536-0740, USA.
J Clin Nurs. 2005 Feb;14(2):195-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00937.x.
To examine factors associated with metabolic control, self-management (diet and exercise behaviour), and psychosocial adjustment (diabetes-related distress) in women with type 2 diabetes.
Cross-sectional design using baseline data of women with type 2 diabetes enrolled to participate in a pilot study of a nurse coaching intervention (n = 53).
Appropriate ethical review and approval was completed. Informed consent from participants was obtained.
Physiological measures included body mass index and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Self-management measures included the Dietary Subscale of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire and a modified Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Psychosocial measures included the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey (diabetes-related distress), the Diabetes Questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Management Assessment Tool Support and Confidence Subscale, and the Social Functioning Scale. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were completed.
The most consistent predictor of metabolic control, dietary self-management, and diabetes-related distress was support and confidence in living with diabetes. Additionally, women had difficulty meeting optimal goals for exercise, yet reported higher levels of other physical activity.
This study was an exploratory analysis with a homogeneous sample of women with type 2 diabetes enrolled in an intervention study and measurements included multiple self-report instruments.
Interventions to increase women's perceived self-confidence and support may contribute to positive health outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes.
Assessment of social support and self-confidence in diabetes self-management in women with type 2 diabetes may assist in determining individualized goals and strategies. Enhanced social support and self-confidence in diabetes self-management may subsequently improve metabolic control, self-management and psychosocial adjustment to diabetes.
研究2型糖尿病女性患者代谢控制、自我管理（饮食和运动行为）以及心理社会调适（糖尿病相关困扰）的相关因素。
采用横断面设计，使用参与护士指导干预试点研究的2型糖尿病女性患者的基线数据（n = 53）。
已完成适当的伦理审查与批准。获得了参与者的知情同意。
生理指标包括体重指数和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）。自我管理指标包括糖尿病自我护理活动问卷摘要中的饮食分量表以及改良的帕芬巴格体力活动问卷。心理社会指标包括糖尿病问题调查（糖尿病相关困扰）、糖尿病问卷、糖尿病自我管理评估工具支持与信心分量表以及社会功能量表。完成了描述性、双变量和多变量分析。
代谢控制、饮食自我管理和糖尿病相关困扰最一致的预测因素是对糖尿病生活的支持与信心。此外，女性在达到运动最佳目标方面存在困难，但报告的其他身体活动水平较高。
本研究是对参与干预研究的2型糖尿病女性同质样本进行的探索性分析，测量包括多种自我报告工具。
旨在增强女性自我认知信心和支持的干预措施可能有助于2型糖尿病女性获得积极的健康结果。
评估2型糖尿病女性在糖尿病自我管理中的社会支持和自信心可能有助于确定个性化目标和策略。增强糖尿病自我管理中的社会支持和自信心可能随后改善代谢控制、自我管理以及对糖尿病的心理社会调适。
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