[马达加斯加中部高地阿拉伯按蚊和嗜人按蚊对拟除虫菊酯和滴滴涕敏感性的最新观察；阿拉伯按蚊不存在击倒抗性（kdr）突变的初步结果]

[Recent observations on the sensitivity to pyrethroids and DDT of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus in the central Highlands of Madagascar; preliminary results on the absence of the kdr mutation in An. arabiensis].

作者信息

Ratovonjato J, Le Goff G, Rajaonarivelo E, Rakotondraibe E M, Robert V

机构信息

Groupe de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar.

出版信息

Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar. 2003;69(1-2):63-9.

PMID:15678819

Abstract

Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus are the principal vectors of malaria on the central highlands of Madagascar. These two species of mosquito are directly or indirectly the targets of indoor insecticide spread. The survey of the susceptibility of these two vectors to insecticides is essential specifying for the anti-vectorial current directives and for the future programs. This paper describes: --the recent tests of susceptibility and the study of the knock-down effect of four pyrethroids (deltamethrin 0.50%, permethrin 0.250%, alpha-cypermethrin 0.025%, cyfluthrin 0.150%) and DDT 4% on An. arabiensis collected from December 2002 to May 2003 in three villages on the district of Tsiroanomandidy and in Alasora, a rural area near the capital, Antananarivo. --the susceptibility tests of An. funestus realised in Morafeno, against cyfluthrin 0.150%, deltaméthrin 0.050%, lambda-cyhalothrin 0.050% and DDT 4%. --the preliminary study of the kdr gene mutation, which might account for the pyrethrinoid and DDT resistance, of An. arabiensis in Alasora. The data indicate a decrease in the efficiency of alpha-cypermethrin 0.025% (Tkd99 = 21 mn) and of DDT 4% (Tkd99 = 191.5 mn) on An. arabiensis in Analamiranga. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of permethrin 0.250% has been notified. In Soanierana, alpha-cypermethrin 0.025% was effective against An. arabiensis, whilst the ineffectiveness of the DDT 4% (Tkd99 = 116 mn) in Andranonahoatra was observed. In Alasora, a fall in the effectiveness of alpha-cypermethrin 0.025% (Tkd99 = 21 mn) and the resistance to DDT 4% (Tkd99 = 6894 mn) was noted. No kdr mutation was detected on the kd gene of An. arabiensis resistant to the alpha-cypermethrin 0.025% and to DDT 4%, collected in Alasora. An. funestus collected in the district of Miandrivazo is susceptible to pyrethroids and to DDT. To conclude, in the Malagasy Central Highlands, An. arabiensis is ordinary sensitive to pyrethroid and poorly sensitive, or even resistant to DDT (as observed in Antananarivo plain). However, An. funestus remains sensitive to all tested insecticides; this observation is crucial because this anopheles vector is the first target of the campaigns of indoor spraying insecticides.

摘要

阿拉伯按蚊和嗜人按蚊是马达加斯加中部高地疟疾的主要传播媒介。这两种蚊子直接或间接地成为室内喷洒杀虫剂的目标。对这两种传播媒介进行杀虫剂敏感性调查，对于当前的抗媒介指导方针和未来计划而言至关重要。本文描述了：——近期对从2002年12月至2003年5月在齐罗阿农曼迪区的三个村庄以及首都塔那那利佛附近的农村地区阿拉索拉采集的阿拉伯按蚊进行的四种拟除虫菊酯（0.50%溴氰菊酯、0.250%氯菊酯、0.025%高效氯氰菊酯、0.150%氟氯氰菊酯）和4%滴滴涕的敏感性测试及击倒效果研究。——在莫拉费诺对嗜人按蚊进行的针对0.150%氟氯氰菊酯、0.050%溴氰菊酯、0.050%氯氟氰菊酯和4%滴滴涕的敏感性测试。——对阿拉索拉的阿拉伯按蚊中可能导致对拟除虫菊酯和滴滴涕产生抗性的击倒抗性（kdr）基因突变的初步研究。数据表明，在阿纳拉芒加，0.025%高效氯氰菊酯（击倒99%蚊虫所需时间Tkd99 = 21分钟）和4%滴滴涕（Tkd99 = 191.5分钟）对阿拉伯按蚊的效力有所下降。不过，已报告0.250%氯菊酯有效。在苏阿涅拉纳，0.025%高效氯氰菊酯对阿拉伯按蚊有效，而在安德拉诺阿特拉观察到4%滴滴涕无效（Tkd99 = 116分钟）。在阿拉索拉，注意到0.025%高效氯氰菊酯效力下降（Tkd99 = 21分钟）以及对4%滴滴涕产生抗性（Tkd99 = 6894分钟）。在阿拉索拉采集的对0.025%高效氯氰菊酯和4%滴滴涕具有抗性的阿拉伯按蚊的kd基因上未检测到kdr突变。在缅德里瓦佐区采集的嗜人按蚊对拟除虫菊酯和滴滴涕敏感。总之，在马达加斯加中部高地，阿拉伯按蚊通常对拟除虫菊酯敏感，对滴滴涕敏感性较差甚至具有抗性（如在塔那那利佛平原观察到的那样）。然而，嗜人按蚊对所有测试的杀虫剂仍然敏感；这一观察结果至关重要，因为这种按蚊媒介是室内喷洒杀虫剂运动的首要目标。