Morrill Allison C, Chinn Christopher D
Capacities Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts 02471, USA.
J Public Health Policy. 2004;25(3-4):353-66. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3190035.
We describe the epidemic of obesity in the United States: escalating rates of obesity in both adults and children, and why these qualify as an epidemic; disparities in overweight and obesity by race/ethnicity and sex, and the staggering health and economic consequences of obesity. Physical activity contributes to the epidemic as explained by new patterns of physical activity in adults and children. Changing patterns of food consumption, such as rising carbohydrate intake--particularly in the form of soda and other foods containing high fructose corn syrup--also contribute to obesity. We present as a central concept, the food environment--the contexts within which food choices are made--and its contribution to food consumption: the abundance and ubiquity of certain types of foods over others; limited food choices available in certain settings, such as schools; the market economy of the United States that exposes individuals to many marketing/advertising strategies. Advertising tailored to children plays an important role.
成年人和儿童肥胖率不断攀升，以及这些情况为何堪称一种流行病；超重和肥胖在种族/族裔及性别方面的差异，以及肥胖所带来的惊人健康和经济后果。如成人和儿童身体活动新模式所解释的那样，身体活动也助长了这一流行病。食物消费模式的变化，比如碳水化合物摄入量的增加——尤其是以苏打水和其他含有高果糖玉米糖浆的食物形式——也导致了肥胖。我们提出一个核心概念，即食物环境——做出食物选择的背景——及其对食物消费的影响：某些类型食物相对于其他食物的丰富性和普遍性；某些场所（如学校）有限的食物选择；使个人接触到诸多营销/广告策略的美国市场经济。针对儿童的广告起着重要作用。
