Scott G W, Otto W J
Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1979 Aug;149(2):177-82.
The canine cystic duct, like that in man, has an extremely thin layer of muscle deep to the mucosal layer, surrounded by a dense layer of collagen fibers. The resistance to flow through the duct was studied in 16 anesthetized dogs by perfusing the duct with saline solution at constant pressure and recording the flow rate of the solution. The flow rate varied with respiratory movements, but there were also nonrespiratory variations which might be due to spontaneous sphincter-like contractions. Significant reductions in flow through the duct followed systemic intravenous or local intra-arterial injections of morphine or pharmacologic concentrations of adrenaline or cholecystokinin. It was concluded that an extremely small amount of muscle in the wall of the duct was capable of sphincter-like activity. The resistances to flow were the same in either direction through the duct, an indication that the prominent mucosal folds, valves of Heister, did not function as unidirectional valves. In view of the high resistance to flow through the duct and the possibility that sphincter-like activity may also occur under physiologic conditions, the function of the duct requires more attention than it has received in the past.
犬的胆囊管与人的胆囊管一样，在黏膜层深处有一层极薄的肌肉，周围是一层致密的胶原纤维。通过在16只麻醉犬身上以恒定压力向胆囊管灌注盐溶液并记录溶液流速，研究了胆汁通过胆囊管的阻力。流速随呼吸运动而变化，但也存在非呼吸性变化，这可能是由于类似括约肌的自发收缩所致。全身静脉注射或局部动脉注射吗啡、药理浓度的肾上腺素或胆囊收缩素后，胆汁通过胆囊管的流量显著减少。得出的结论是，胆囊管壁中极少量的肌肉能够产生类似括约肌的活动。胆汁在胆囊管中双向流动的阻力相同，这表明明显的黏膜皱襞，即希斯特瓣，并不起单向瓣膜的作用。鉴于胆汁通过胆囊管的阻力很高，而且在生理条件下也可能出现类似括约肌的活动，胆囊管的功能需要比过去更多的关注。
