Condy Carine, Wattiez Nicolas, Rivaud-Péchoux Sophie, Gaymard Bertrand
INSERM U289, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Feb 15;57(4):366-72. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.036.
Administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, induces a spectrum of behavioral disorders that are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia. Although it has been demonstrated that poor antisaccade performance is a core dysfunction in schizophrenia, the ability of ketamine to induce an increased distractibility has not been demonstrated. The present study aimed to determine whether ketamine administration would reproduce the same antisaccade deficit as that observed in schizophrenic subjects.
We studied the effect of acute ketamine or saline administration on the performance of two monkeys trained on a reflexive visually guided saccade task and an antisaccade task.
The main result is that ketamine administration induced a markedly increased antisaccade error rate and increased antisaccade latency, similar to that seen in schizophrenic subjects. Other impairments consisted of increased reflexive saccade latency and the presence of a gaze-evoked nystagmus.
This study supports the validity of ketamine as a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. Based on the known pharmacological effects of ketamine, further studies should allow the investigation of the pharmacological basis of distractibility.
给予亚麻醉剂量的氯胺酮（一种非竞争性N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂）会诱发一系列行为障碍，这些障碍在精神分裂症患者中很常见。尽管已经证明反扫视表现不佳是精神分裂症的核心功能障碍，但氯胺酮诱发注意力分散增加的能力尚未得到证实。本研究旨在确定给予氯胺酮是否会重现与精神分裂症患者中观察到的相同的反扫视缺陷。
我们研究了急性给予氯胺酮或生理盐水对两只经过反射性视觉引导扫视任务和反扫视任务训练的猴子的表现的影响。
主要结果是，给予氯胺酮会导致反扫视错误率显著增加和反扫视潜伏期延长，类似于在精神分裂症患者中看到的情况。其他损害包括反射性扫视潜伏期延长和出现凝视诱发的眼球震颤。
本研究支持氯胺酮作为精神分裂症药理学模型的有效性。基于氯胺酮已知的药理作用，进一步的研究应该能够探究注意力分散的药理学基础。
