Berger Kyan J, Guss David A
Department of Emergency Medicine, Beverly Hospital, Beverly, MA, USA.
J Emerg Med. 2005 Feb;28(2):175-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.08.019.
Mushrooms are ubiquitous in nature. They are an important source of nutrition, however, certain varieties contain chemicals that can be highly toxic to humans. Industrially cultivated mushrooms are historically very safe, whereas foraging for mushrooms or accidental ingestion of mushrooms in the environment can result in serious illness and death. The emergency department is the most common site of presentation for patients suffering from acute mushroom poisoning. Although recognition can be facilitated by identification of a characteristic toxidrome, the presenting manifestations can be variable and have considerable overlap with more common and generally benign clinical syndromes. The goal of this two-part article is to review the knowledge base on this subject and provide information that will assist the clinician in the early consideration, diagnosis and treatment of mushroom poisoning. Part I reviewed the epidemiology and demographics of mushroom poisoning, the physical characteristics of the most toxic varieties, the classification of the toxic species, and presented an overview of the cyclopeptide-containing mushroom class. Part II is focused on the presentation of the other classes of toxic mushrooms along with an up-to-date review of the most recently identified poisonous varieties.
蘑菇在自然界中无处不在。它们是重要的营养来源,然而,某些品种含有对人类剧毒的化学物质。从历史上看,工业栽培的蘑菇非常安全,而在环境中采摘蘑菇或意外误食蘑菇可能会导致严重疾病甚至死亡。急诊科是急性蘑菇中毒患者最常见的就诊场所。尽管通过识别特征性中毒综合征有助于诊断,但中毒的表现可能多种多样,并且与更常见且通常为良性的临床综合征有相当大的重叠。这篇分两部分的文章旨在回顾关于这一主题的知识库,并提供有助于临床医生早期考虑、诊断和治疗蘑菇中毒的信息。第一部分回顾了蘑菇中毒的流行病学和人口统计学、毒性最强品种的物理特征、有毒物种的分类,并概述了含环肽蘑菇类别。第二部分重点介绍其他类别的有毒蘑菇,并对最近鉴定出的有毒品种进行最新综述。