Dujardin Eva, Jürgens Uwe
German Primate Center, Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Brain Res. 2005 Feb 9;1034(1-2):114-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.048.
In order to determine the input of vocalization-controlling regions of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase was injected in six squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) at PAG sites yielding vocalization when injected with the glutamate agonist homocysteic acid. Brains were scanned for retrogradely labeled areas common to all six animals. The results show that the vocalization-eliciting sites receive a widespread input, with the heaviest projections coming from the surrounding PAG, dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus, medial preoptic region, substantia nigra pars diffusa, zona incerta and reticular formation of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla. The heaviest cortical input reaches the PAG from the mediofrontal cortex. Moderate to weak projections come from the insula, lateral prefrontal, and premotor cortex as well as the superior and middle temporal cortex. Subcortical moderate to weak projections reach the PAG from the central and medial amygdala, nucleus of the stria terminalis, septum, nucleus accumbens, lateral preoptic region, lateral and posterior hypothalamus, globus pallidus, pretectal area, deep layers of the superior colliculus, the pericentral inferior colliculus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, locus coeruleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, dorsal and ventral raphe, vestibular nuclei, spinal trigeminal nucleus, solitary tract nucleus, and nucleus gracilis. The input of the periaqueductal vocalization-eliciting regions thus is dominated by limbic, motivation-controlling afferents; input, however, also comes from sensory, motor, arousal-controlling, and cognitive brain areas.
为了确定中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）发声控制区域的输入，将小麦胚凝集素-辣根过氧化物酶注射到六只松鼠猴（松鼠猴）的PAG部位，这些部位在注射谷氨酸激动剂高半胱氨酸时会发出声音。对大脑进行扫描，以寻找所有六只动物共有的逆行标记区域。结果表明，引发发声的部位接受广泛的输入，其中最密集的投射来自周围的PAG、背内侧和腹内侧下丘脑、内侧视前区、黑质网状部、未定带以及中脑、脑桥和延髓的网状结构。来自额中皮质的皮质输入到达PAG的量最大。中等至微弱的投射来自岛叶、外侧前额叶和运动前皮质以及颞上和颞中皮质。皮质下中等至微弱的投射从中央和内侧杏仁核、终纹床核、隔区、伏隔核、外侧视前区、外侧和后下丘脑、苍白球、顶盖前区、上丘深层、中央下丘、中脑三叉神经核、蓝斑、黑质致密部、背侧和腹侧中缝核、前庭核、脊髓三叉神经核、孤束核和薄束核到达PAG。因此，导水管周围发声引发区域的输入主要由边缘系统、动机控制传入纤维主导；然而，输入也来自感觉、运动、觉醒控制和认知脑区。
