Miller James N
Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
Analyst. 2005 Mar;130(3):265-70. doi: 10.1039/b314346p. Epub 2005 Feb 4.
Energy transfer phenomena, in which excited fluorophores transfer energy to neighbouring chromophores, are well characterised in photochemistry and have found a wide range of applications in analytical biochemistry. The transfer of energy from a donor to an acceptor group is only significant over distances of a few nm, so it can be used as a spectroscopic ruler and as a means of detecting molecular interactions and conformational changes. Such methods usually retain the great sensitivity and sample handling flexibility of conventional fluorescence techniques. As a result many assays involving enzymes, antibodies and nucleotides utilise energy transfer measurement principles. This article outlines these principles for the main types of energy transfer, and summarises some of their most important areas of application.
能量转移现象是指受激发的荧光团将能量转移给相邻的发色团，这种现象在光化学中已有充分的研究，并在分析生物化学领域有广泛的应用。从供体基团到受体基团的能量转移仅在几纳米的距离内显著，因此它可以用作光谱尺，也可作为检测分子相互作用和构象变化的手段。这类方法通常保留了传统荧光技术的高灵敏度和样品处理灵活性。因此，许多涉及酶、抗体和核苷酸的分析都采用能量转移测量原理。本文概述了主要能量转移类型的原理，并总结了它们一些最重要的应用领域。
