Chianelli Russell R, Perez De la Rosa Myriam, Meitzner George, Siadati Mohammed, Berhault Gilles, Mehta Apurva, Pople John, Fuentes Sergio, Alonzo-Nuñez Gabriel, Polette Lori A
MRTI, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.
J Synchrotron Radiat. 2005 Mar;12(Pt 2):129-34. doi: 10.1107/S0909049504026172. Epub 2005 Feb 22.
Development of synchrotron techniques for the determination of the structure of disordered, amorphous and surface materials has exploded over the past 20 years owing to the increasing availability of high-flux synchrotron radiation and the continuing development of increasingly powerful synchrotron techniques. These techniques are available to materials scientists who are not necessarily synchrotron scientists through interaction with effective user communities that exist at synchrotrons such as the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. In this article the application of multiple synchrotron characterization techniques to two classes of materials defined as 'surface compounds' is reviewed. One class of surface compounds are materials like MoS(2-x)C(x) that are widely used petroleum catalysts, used to improve the environmental properties of transportation fuels. These compounds may be viewed as 'sulfide-supported carbides' in their catalytically active states. The second class of 'surface compounds' are the 'Maya blue' pigments that are based on technology created by the ancient Maya. These compounds are organic/inorganic 'surface complexes' consisting of the dye indigo and palygorskite, common clay. The identification of both surface compounds relies on the application of synchrotron techniques as described here.
在过去20年里，由于高通量同步加速器辐射的可获得性不断提高以及功能日益强大的同步加速器技术持续发展，用于测定无序、非晶态和表面材料结构的同步加速器技术得到了迅猛发展。通过与斯坦福同步辐射实验室等同步加速器的有效用户群体进行互动，材料科学家（不一定是同步加速器科学家）也可以使用这些技术。本文综述了多种同步加速器表征技术在两类被定义为“表面化合物”的材料上的应用。一类表面化合物是像MoS(2-x)C(x)这样的材料，它们是广泛使用的石油催化剂，用于改善运输燃料的环境性能。这些化合物在其催化活性状态下可被视为“硫化物负载碳化物”。第二类“表面化合物”是基于古代玛雅人创造的技术的“玛雅蓝”颜料。这些化合物是由染料靛蓝和常见粘土坡缕缟石组成的有机/无机“表面复合物”。这两类表面化合物的鉴定都依赖于本文所述的同步加速器技术的应用。
