Darcheville J C, Rivière V, Wearden J H
Université Charles de Gaulle, Lille.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1992 Mar;57(2):187-99. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1992.57-187.
Operant responses of 16 children (mean age 6 years and 1 month) were reinforced according to different fixed-interval schedules (with interreinforcer intervals of 20, 30, or 40 s) in which the reinforcers were either 20-s or 40-s presentations of a cartoon. In another procedure, they received training on a self-control paradigm in which both reinforcer delay (0.5 s or 40 s) and reinforcer duration (20 s or 40 s of cartoons) varied, and subjects were offered a choice between various combinations of delay and duration. Individual differences in behavior under the self-control procedure were precisely mirrored by individual differences under the fixed-interval schedule. Children who chose the smaller immediate reinforcer on the self-control procedure (impulsive) produced short postreinforcement pauses and high response rates in the fixed-interval conditions, and both measures changed little with changes in fixed-interval value. Conversely, children who chose the larger delayed reinforcer in the self-control condition (the self-controlled subjects) exhibited lower response rates and long postreinforcement pauses, which changed systematically with changes in the interval, in their fixed-interval performances.
根据不同的固定间隔时间表（强化物间隔为20、30或40秒）对16名儿童（平均年龄6岁1个月）的操作性反应进行强化，强化物为20秒或40秒的卡通片展示。在另一个程序中，他们接受了自我控制范式的训练，其中强化物延迟（0.5秒或40秒）和强化物持续时间（20秒或40秒的卡通片）都有所变化，并且让受试者在延迟和持续时间的各种组合之间进行选择。自我控制程序下的行为个体差异与固定间隔时间表下的个体差异精确对应。在自我控制程序中选择较小即时强化物的儿童（冲动型）在固定间隔条件下产生较短的强化后停顿和较高的反应率，并且这两种测量结果随固定间隔值的变化而变化不大。相反，在自我控制条件下选择较大延迟强化物的儿童（自我控制型受试者）在其固定间隔表现中表现出较低的反应率和较长的强化后停顿，这些停顿随间隔变化而系统地变化。
