Sparks Damon R, Beason David P, Etheridge Brandon S, Alonso Jorge E, Eberhardt Alan W
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1075 13th Street South, Hoehn 370, Birmingham, AL 35294-4440, USA.
J Orthop Res. 2005 Mar;23(2):359-66. doi: 10.1016/j.orthres.2004.08.019.
Acetabular fractures are an especially problematic outcome of motor vehicle side impacts. While fracture type has been correlated with impact direction and femoral orientation, actual contact pressures in the hip joint have not been quantified for lateral loading conditions. In the present study, we used pressure sensitive film to measure contact areas and pressures in seven hip joints from four cadavers under quasi-static lateral loading through the greater trochanter. The aim was to quantify the interactions of the femoral head with the acetabulum associated with variations in femoral orientation. Three angles of hip flexion (80 degrees , 90 degrees , 100 degrees ) and hip abduction (-10 degrees , 0 degrees , 10 degrees ) were tested, producing nine test orientations for each joint. We observed that contact areas, pressures, and forces varied significantly with femoral orientation for the adducted hip. The principal locations of load transmission were in the anterior and posterior regions of the acetabulum. For the abducted femur, contact pressures were concentrated anteriorly, and with increased adduction, anterior contact pressures diminished while posterior and superior pressures increased. The movement of pressure sites was consistent with mechanisms of acetabular fractures described by Letournel and Judet and provides new data for validation of finite element models of the pelvis in side impact.
髋臼骨折是机动车侧面碰撞中一个特别棘手的后果。虽然骨折类型已与碰撞方向和股骨方向相关联，但髋关节在侧向加载条件下的实际接触压力尚未得到量化。在本研究中，我们使用压敏薄膜来测量来自四具尸体的七个髋关节在通过大转子进行准静态侧向加载时的接触面积和压力。目的是量化与股骨方向变化相关的股骨头与髋臼之间的相互作用。测试了三个髋关节屈曲角度（80度、90度、100度）和髋关节外展角度（-10度、0度、10度），每个关节产生九个测试方向。我们观察到，对于内收髋关节，接触面积、压力和力随股骨方向有显著变化。载荷传递的主要位置在髋臼的前部和后部区域。对于外展股骨，接触压力集中在前部，随着内收增加，前部接触压力减小，而后部和上部压力增加。压力部位的移动与Letournel和Judet描述的髋臼骨折机制一致，并为侧面碰撞中骨盆有限元模型的验证提供了新数据。
