Franck Linda S, Cox Susanne, Allen Alison, Winter Ira
School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London; and Institute of Child Health, Centre for Nursing and Allied Health Professions Research, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
J Adv Nurs. 2005 Mar;49(6):608-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03336.x.
This paper reports a study: (1) to determine the validity and reliability of the Parent Stressor Scale:Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU) for use with United Kingdom (UK) parents; (2) compare UK scores with those from a contemporary reference sample from the United States (US), (3) to identify the sources of greatest NICU-related stressors for parents and (4) to identify demographic or situational factors influencing NICU-related parental stress.
Evaluation of the adequacy of nursing care and psychosocial support services for parents of ill infants in the NICU requires valid and reliable measures of parental stress. The PSS:NICU is a well-validated scale developed in the US to measure NICU-related parental stress. However, it has not been tested in the UK.
Consecutive samples of parents (n = 257) of infants in nine UK NICUs and two reference US units completed the PSS:NICU and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale approximately 1 week after admission. Psychometric properties of the PSS:NICU, including internal consistency reliability and construct, concurrent and predictive validity, were evaluated.
PSS:NICU scores were similar in the UK and US samples and high internal consistency reliability was found for all metrics (e.g. Overall Stress: 0.94 for both samples). A three-factor principal components solution accounted for 66% of the variance in the scores, with the items grouped into the three a priori scales specified in the PSS:NICU (Infant Behaviour and Appearance, Parental Role Alterations, and Sights and Sounds). Stress Occurrence and Overall Stress were moderately correlated with State Anxiety in both samples (r = 0.46-0.61, P < 0.001). Thirty-one per cent of the variance in Stress Occurrence in the UK sample was explained by State Anxiety, infant severity of illness score, parent gender, and less frequent visitation.
The PSS:NICU demonstrated appropriate psychometrics in a large sample of parents from diverse NICUs in the UK. These findings support its wider use in research and clinical practice to identify parental distress and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care and psychosocial support services for parents.
本文报告一项研究：（1）确定父母压力源量表：新生儿重症监护病房版（PSS:NICU）用于英国父母的有效性和可靠性；（2）将英国父母的得分与来自美国的当代参考样本的得分进行比较；（3）确定父母面临的与新生儿重症监护病房相关的最大压力源；（4）确定影响与新生儿重症监护病房相关的父母压力的人口统计学或情境因素。
评估新生儿重症监护病房中患病婴儿父母的护理服务和心理社会支持服务的充分性，需要有效且可靠的父母压力测量方法。PSS:NICU是美国开发的一种经过充分验证的量表，用于测量与新生儿重症监护病房相关的父母压力。然而，它尚未在英国进行测试。
来自英国9个新生儿重症监护病房和2个美国参考病房的婴儿父母连续样本（n = 257）在入院后约1周完成了PSS:NICU和斯皮尔伯格状态-特质焦虑量表。评估了PSS:NICU的心理测量特性，包括内部一致性信度以及结构效度、同时效度和预测效度。
英国和美国样本的PSS:NICU得分相似，所有指标均具有较高的内部一致性信度（例如，总体压力：两个样本均为０.９４）。一个三因素主成分分析解释了得分方差的66%，项目被分为PSS:NICU中预先指定的三个量表（婴儿行为与外貌、父母角色改变以及景象与声音）。两个样本中压力发生情况和总体压力与状态焦虑均呈中度相关（r = 0.46 - 0.61，P < 0.001）。英国样本中压力发生情况的31%的方差可由状态焦虑、婴儿疾病严重程度评分、父母性别以及较少的探视频率来解释。
PSS:NICU在来自英国不同新生儿重症监护病房的大量父母样本中显示出适当的心理测量特性。这些发现支持其在研究和临床实践中更广泛地用于识别父母的痛苦，并评估针对父母的护理服务和心理社会支持服务的有效性。
