Carratalá Munuera M C, Gascón Pérez E, Raga Ortega M
Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
Aten Primaria. 2005 Feb 28;35(3):140-5. doi: 10.1157/13071939.
To analyze if breast-feeding (BF) is a protective factor against infectious diseases.
Case-control study. Retrospective study during 1998.
Primary care. Teaching health center. Population of 22,500 inhabitants.
We consider an alpha risk of .05 and a beta risk of .20, unilateral hypothesis. We estimated a sample of 48 children in the "case" group and 144 in the "control" group. Random sample.
Cases were children with 3 or more acute respiratory or digestive infectious episodes during the first year of age. Controls were children with less than 3 episodes. We analyze exposure to breast feeding (BF) and we consider it if the child had at least 3 months of BF. In other case we define as a non-exposure child. We have calculated odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence intervals.
60.4% of the children were BF after birth. But only 28.5% lasted 3 months, and only 13.9% lasted 1 year. The median of BF was 3.3 months (SD 4.2). 79.2% of the children have a respiratory infectious disease in the first year and 14.6% diarrhea. In children less than 1 year old the OR was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.40-1.63). In the period 3-6 months old we have found an OR of 0.346 (95% CI 0.161-0.744).
In children aged less than 1 year, we have not found protective effects of breast-feeding against acute respiratory infectious diseases. Only in the period 3-6 months old, we have found that BF protects against these diseases.
分析母乳喂养（BF）是否为预防传染病的保护因素。
病例对照研究。1998年的回顾性研究。
初级保健。教学健康中心。有22500名居民。
我们考虑α风险为0.05，β风险为0.20，单侧假设。我们估计“病例”组有48名儿童，“对照”组有144名儿童。随机样本。
病例为一岁内有3次或更多急性呼吸道或消化道感染发作的儿童。对照为发作次数少于3次的儿童。我们分析母乳喂养（BF）情况，若儿童至少母乳喂养3个月则予以考虑。其他情况则定义为非母乳喂养儿童。我们计算了比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间。
60.4%的儿童出生后进行母乳喂养。但只有28.5%持续3个月，只有13.9%持续1年。母乳喂养的中位数为3.3个月（标准差4.2）。79.2%的儿童在第一年患呼吸道传染病，14.6%患腹泻。一岁以内儿童的OR为0.81（95%CI，0.40 - 1.63）。在3 - 6个月龄期间，我们发现OR为0.346（95%CI 0.161 - 0.744）。
在一岁以内的儿童中，我们未发现母乳喂养对急性呼吸道传染病有保护作用。仅在3 - 6个月龄期间，我们发现母乳喂养可预防这些疾病。
