Kralik Jerald D
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
J Comp Psychol. 2005 Feb;119(1):78-89. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.119.1.78.
When presented with a choice between 1 and 3 pieces of food in a type of reversed contingency task, 4 cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) consistently chose the 3 pieces of food and received nothing, even though the choice of 1 piece would have yielded 3. However, in a task in which the tamarins received the 1 piece of food when they chose it, all subjects learned to select 1 over 3. Thus, the tamarins' prior failure on the reversed contingency task did not result entirely from an inherent inability to suppress the prepotent response of reaching to the larger of 2 quantities of food. After the experience of selecting the smaller quantity and receiving it, all of the tamarins solved the version of the reversed contingency task that they failed initially. These results suggest that the tamarins' initial failure may have reflected a difficulty with selecting an alternative response option.
在一种反向 contingency 任务中，当在 1 块食物和 3 块食物之间做出选择时，4 只棉顶狨猴（Saguinus oedipus）始终选择 3 块食物，结果一无所获，尽管选择 1 块食物本可以得到 3 块。然而，在另一个任务中，当狨猴选择 1 块食物时就能得到它，所有受试狨猴都学会了选择 1 块而非 3 块。因此，狨猴在反向 contingency 任务中的先前失败并非完全源于其内在无法抑制伸手去拿数量较多的两份食物之一这种优势反应。在经历了选择较少数量食物并得到它之后，所有狨猴都解决了它们最初未能完成的反向 contingency 任务版本。这些结果表明，狨猴最初的失败可能反映了选择替代反应选项的困难。
