Johnson Wendy, McGue Matt, Krueger Robert F
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
J Pers. 2005 Apr;73(2):523-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00319.x.
A sample of 833 twins from the Minnesota Twin Study of Adult Development and Aging completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; Tellegen, 1982) twice, averaging 59.4 (sd=9.7) years of age at first and 64.4 (sd=10.2) years of age at second testing (average retest interval 5.0 years, sd=2.36, range 1.0-10.4 years). Both means and standard deviations of scale scores were extremely stable from first to second testing. In addition, sample participants tended to retain their rank order on the scales (average r=.76 across scales). Bivariate biometric analyses showed that the genetic influences on most of the scale scores were almost perfectly correlated across the two waves (range .95 to 1.00). The nonshared environmental influences were also highly correlated across the two waves (range .53 to .73). Models specifying identical variance components at the two time points and fixing the genetic correlation to 1.00 provided improved fit. The results suggest that the high stability of personality in later adulthood has a strong genetic foundation, supplemented by stability of environmental effects.
明尼苏达成人发展与衰老双胞胎研究中的833对双胞胎样本，两次完成了多维人格问卷（MPQ；泰勒根，1982年），首次测试时平均年龄为59.4岁（标准差=9.7），第二次测试时平均年龄为64.4岁（标准差=10.2）（平均重测间隔为5.0年，标准差=2.36，范围为1.0至10.4年）。从首次测试到第二次测试，量表分数的均值和标准差都极其稳定。此外，样本参与者在量表上的排名顺序往往保持不变（各量表平均r=.76）。双变量生物统计学分析表明，两波测试中，大多数量表分数的遗传影响几乎完全相关（范围为.95至1.00）。非共享环境影响在两波测试中也高度相关（范围为.53至.73）。指定两个时间点具有相同方差成分并将遗传相关性固定为1.00的模型拟合度更高。结果表明，成年后期人格的高度稳定性有很强的遗传基础，并辅以环境效应的稳定性。
