Adams Hillard Paula J, Deitch Helen R
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 4000, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005 Feb;52(1):179-97, ix-x. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2004.10.004.
College-age young women frequently experience a variety of menstrual-related complaints, including dysmenorrheal, menorrhagia, irregular menses, and menstrual-related mood changes. These problems deserve careful evaluation; they may reflect normal ovulatory menstrual symptoms or be suggestive of significant pathology that can have a major impact on future reproductive and general health. The menstrual cycle is a vital sign whose normalcy suggests an overall good health and whose abnormality requires evaluation. Eating disorders and the female athlete triad increase the risk of osteoporosis; polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with future cardiovascular risks. Diagnosis and management of these problems will not only improve a young woman's current health, sense of well-being, and overall quality of life but may also lower her risks for future disease and ill-health. This article addresses normal menstrual function, excessive bleeding, infrequent or absent menses, pain with menses, menstrual-related mood disorders, and recommendations about routine gynecologic examinations and evaluation.
大学年龄段的年轻女性经常会经历各种与月经相关的不适，包括痛经、月经过多、月经不规律以及与月经相关的情绪变化。这些问题值得仔细评估；它们可能反映正常的排卵性月经症状，也可能提示严重的病理状况，而这可能会对未来的生殖健康和总体健康产生重大影响。月经周期是一项生命体征，其正常表明整体健康状况良好，而其异常则需要进行评估。饮食失调和女性运动员三联征会增加骨质疏松症的风险；多囊卵巢综合征与未来的心血管风险相关。对这些问题的诊断和管理不仅会改善年轻女性当前的健康状况、幸福感和总体生活质量，还可能降低她未来患病和健康不佳的风险。本文探讨正常月经功能、月经过多、月经稀发或闭经、经期疼痛、与月经相关的情绪障碍，以及关于常规妇科检查和评估的建议。
