Austin Marie-Paule, Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan, Leader Leo, Saint Karen, Parker Gordon
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, High Street Randwick 2031, Sydney, Australia.
Early Hum Dev. 2005 Feb;81(2):183-90. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.07.001.
To assess whether links exist between maternal trait anxiety (STAI), perceived life event (LE) stress and depression (Edinburgh scale) and infant temperament.
Women in the third trimester of pregnancy returned psychological self-report questionnaires; infant temperament was evaluated at 4 and 6 months by maternal and paternal report, while depression (concurrent Edinburgh scale) was also assessed at four and six months. As data were returned inconsistently at 4 and 6 months, we combined these two time points for simplicity of reporting and optimisation of numbers.
Univariate logistic regressions on 970 subjects indicated that the pregnancy STAI (>40) scores were associated with 2.56- and 1.57-fold increases (maternal and paternal, respectively), in the odds of "difficult" infant temperament at 4 or 6 months. Concurrent Edinburgh scores (OR of 3.06 and 2.64 for maternal reports, respectively) were also predictive of infant temperament. Age, education, income, marital status, obstetric complications, infant gender and prematurity were not predictive of infant temperament. In stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses, the antenatal trait STAI (odds ratio 1.96) significantly predicted maternal reports of "difficult" temperament at 4 or 6 months independent of both antenatal and postnatal depression scores. There were similar trends for paternal reports of "difficult" temperament but these were not significant. Antenatal depression and perceived LE stress were not predictive of temperament. Finally, women (N=14) reporting domestic violence (DV) in pregnancy had highly significant increased Edinburgh and STAI scores.
Maternal trait anxiety was predictive of "difficult" infant temperament, independent of "concurrent" depression and key sociodemographic and obstetric risk factors. These findings, while needing replication using objective measures of infant temperament, suggest that antenatal psychological interventions aimed at minimising anxiety may optimize infant temperament outcomes. There may be some benefit in shaping specific interventions to women reporting specific risk factors such as DV or past abuse.
评估母亲特质焦虑（状态-特质焦虑量表）、感知生活事件压力和抑郁（爱丁堡产后抑郁量表）与婴儿气质之间是否存在关联。
孕晚期女性返回心理自评问卷；婴儿气质在4个月和6个月时通过母亲和父亲报告进行评估，同时在4个月和6个月时也评估抑郁（同期爱丁堡产后抑郁量表）。由于4个月和6个月时的数据返回不一致，为简化报告和优化数据量，我们将这两个时间点的数据合并。
对970名受试者进行的单因素逻辑回归分析表明，孕期状态-特质焦虑量表得分（>40）与4个月或6个月时“难养型”婴儿气质的几率分别增加2.56倍和1.57倍（母亲和父亲报告分别得出）相关。同期爱丁堡产后抑郁量表得分（母亲报告的比值比分别为3.06和2.64）也可预测婴儿气质。年龄、教育程度、收入、婚姻状况、产科并发症、婴儿性别和早产均不能预测婴儿气质。在逐步多元逻辑回归分析中，产前特质状态-特质焦虑量表（比值比1.96）显著预测了4个月或6个月时母亲报告的“难养型”气质，独立于产前和产后抑郁得分。父亲报告的“难养型”气质也有类似趋势，但不显著。产前抑郁和感知到的生活事件压力不能预测气质。最后，孕期报告遭受家庭暴力（DV）的女性（N = 14），其爱丁堡产后抑郁量表和状态-特质焦虑量表得分显著升高。
母亲特质焦虑可预测“难养型”婴儿气质，独立于“同期”抑郁以及关键的社会人口统计学和产科风险因素。这些发现虽然需要使用客观的婴儿气质测量方法进行重复验证，但表明旨在将焦虑降至最低的产前心理干预可能会优化婴儿气质结果。针对报告特定风险因素（如家庭暴力或既往虐待）的女性制定特定干预措施可能会有一些益处。
