Synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA-A and GABA-B receptors in the globus pallidus: an electron microscopic immunogold analysis in monkeys.

GABA-A and GABA-B receptors mediate differential effects in the CNS. To better understand the role of these receptors in regulating pallidal functions, we compared their subcellular and subsynaptic localization in the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) in monkeys, using pre- and post-embedding immunocytochemistry with antibodies against GABA-A (alpha1, beta2/3 subunits) and GABA-BR1 receptor subtype. Our results demonstrate that GABA-A and GABA-B receptors display a differential pattern of subcellular and subsynaptic localization in both segments of the globus pallidus. The majority of GABA-BR1 immunolabeling is intracellular, whereas immunoreactivity for GABA-A receptor subunits is mostly bound to the plasma membrane. A significant proportion of both GABA-BR1 and GABA-A receptor immunolabeling is extrasynaptic, but GABA-A receptor subunits also aggregate in the main body of putative GABAergic symmetric synapses established by striatal- and pallidal-like terminals. GABA-BR1 immunoreactivity is expressed presynaptically in putative glutamatergic terminals, while GABA-A alpha1 and beta2/3 receptor subunits are exclusively post-synaptic and often coexist at individual symmetric synapses in both GPe and GPi. In conclusion, our findings corroborate the concept that ionotropic and metabotropic GABA receptors are located to subserve different effects in pallidal neurons. Although the aggregation of GABA-A receptors at symmetric synapses is consistent with their role in fast inhibitory synaptic transmission, the extrasynaptic distribution of both GABA-A and GABA-B receptors provides a substrate for complex modulatory functions that rely predominantly on the spillover of GABA.