DeWit David J, Chandler-Coutts Michelle, Offord David R, King Gillian, McDougall Janette, Specht Jacqueline, Stewart Shannon
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Collip Circle, Suite 200, London, Ont., Canada N6G 4X8.
J Anxiety Disord. 2005;19(5):479-502. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.04.010.
Utilizing a random probability sample of Canadian residents aged 15-64 (n = 8116), this study assessed gender differences in the onset of social phobia and the moderating influence of gender on indicators of childhood family adversity hypothesized to increase the risk of developing the disorder. Results revealed statistically significant "gender by family adversity" interactions that varied by disorder sub-type. Among males, absence of a parent or other adult close confidant during childhood was associated with an elevated risk of developing social phobia (all diagnosed cases and the non-generalized sub-type). Risk factors unique to females included parental conflict while growing up (all diagnosed cases), childhood physical abuse by a father figure (generalized sub-type), and maternal mania (non-generalized sub-type). Results highlight the importance of distinguishing between social phobia sub-types in gender-based research as well as the use of family adversity measures that capture the parenting behaviors and mental health status of both parents.
本研究利用了一个由15至64岁加拿大居民组成的随机概率样本（n = 8116），评估社交恐惧症发病中的性别差异，以及性别对童年家庭逆境指标的调节作用，这些指标被认为会增加患该障碍的风险。结果显示，存在具有统计学意义的“性别×家庭逆境”交互作用，且因障碍亚型而异。在男性中，童年时期没有父母或其他亲密成年知己与患社交恐惧症的风险升高相关（所有诊断病例和非广泛性亚型）。女性特有的风险因素包括成长过程中的父母冲突（所有诊断病例）、童年时期被父亲虐待（广泛性亚型）以及母亲患有躁狂症（非广泛性亚型）。结果突出了在基于性别的研究中区分社交恐惧症亚型的重要性，以及使用能够反映父母双方养育行为和心理健康状况的家庭逆境测量方法的重要性。
