Kilada Sandy, Gamaldo Alyssa, Grant Elizabeth A, Moghekar Abhay, Morris John C, O'Brien Richard J
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2005 Jan-Mar;19(1):8-16. doi: 10.1097/01.wad.0000155381.01350.bf.
Dementia is a common and under-diagnosed problem among the elderly. An accurate screening test would greatly aid the ability of physicians to evaluate dementia and memory problems in clinical practice. We sought to determine whether simple and brief psychometric tests perform similarly to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in screening for dementia. Using a retrospective analysis, a series of standard, brief, psychometric tests were compared with each other and to the MMSE as screening tests for very mild dementia, using DSM-III-R criterion as the gold standard. Two independent cohorts from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Washington University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center were evaluated. We found that two brief and simple-to-administer tests appear to offer similar degrees of sensitivity and specificity to the MMSE. These are the recall of a five-item name and address, "John Brown 42 Market Street Chicago" and the one-minute verbal fluency for animals. Combining these two tests further improves sensitivity and specificity, surpassing the MMSE, to detect dementia in individuals with memory complaints.
痴呆症是老年人中常见且诊断不足的问题。准确的筛查测试将极大地帮助医生在临床实践中评估痴呆症和记忆问题。我们试图确定简单简短的心理测量测试在筛查痴呆症时是否与简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）表现相似。通过回顾性分析，将一系列标准、简短的心理测量测试相互比较，并与MMSE作为极轻度痴呆症的筛查测试进行比较，使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）标准作为金标准。对来自巴尔的摩老年纵向研究和华盛顿大学阿尔茨海默病研究中心的两个独立队列进行了评估。我们发现，两项简短且易于实施的测试似乎对MMSE具有相似程度的敏感性和特异性。这两项测试分别是对“约翰·布朗，芝加哥市场街42号”这一包含五项内容的姓名和地址的回忆，以及动物方面的一分钟语言流畅性测试。将这两项测试结合起来可进一步提高敏感性和特异性，在检测有记忆问题的个体中的痴呆症方面超过了MMSE。
