Sirivedhin Tanita, Gray Kimberly A
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Water Res. 2005 Mar;39(6):1154-64. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.032.
In potable water reuse, treated wastewater becomes part of the drinking water supply. An important question associated with this practice is whether or not the organic quality of the treated wastewater is chemically different from that of non-human impacted water. This question was addressed in a case study of indirect potable water reuse where the organic matrix of the South Platte River was analyzed upstream and downstream of the discharge of treated wastewater effluent using conventional water quality parameters combined with pyrolysis-GC/MS. Effluent-derived organic material (EfOM) was found to be more aliphatic and had higher organic nitrogen and halogen content compared to organic material derived from "natural" (non-anthropogenic) sources (NOM). Seasonal changes that resulted from the change in the contributions of aquatic and terrestrial sources were not observed in EfOM; but they were strongly observed in NOM under the control of natural processes. Using principal component and factor analyses, the pyrolysis fragments of phenol, alkyl-phenols, and acetic acid were identified as the seasonal indicators for the NOM set of samples. In contrast, benzaldehyde, benzonitrile, chlorobutanoic acid, furancarboxaldehyde, and methylfurancarboxaldehyde were identified as the indicators for wastewater inputs for the EfOM set of samples. Overall, the results from conventional water quality parameters and pyrolysis-GC/MS revealed that: (1) EfOM bears a chemical signature distinct from NOM and (2) under the conditions of this study, EfOM discharged to the South Platte River persisted and controlled organic quality at downstream points.
在饮用水再利用中，经过处理的废水成为饮用水供应的一部分。与这种做法相关的一个重要问题是，经过处理的废水的有机质量在化学上是否与未受人类影响的水不同。在一个间接饮用水再利用的案例研究中解决了这个问题，该研究使用传统水质参数结合热解-气相色谱/质谱法分析了南普拉特河在处理后的废水排放上游和下游的有机基质。与源自“天然”（非人为）来源的有机物质（NOM）相比，发现源自废水的有机物质（EfOM）更具脂肪族特性，且有机氮和卤素含量更高。在EfOM中未观察到由于水生和陆源贡献变化而导致的季节性变化；但在自然过程的控制下，在NOM中强烈观察到了季节性变化。使用主成分分析和因子分析，苯酚、烷基酚和乙酸的热解碎片被确定为NOM样本集的季节性指标。相比之下，苯甲醛、苄腈、氯丁酸、呋喃甲醛和甲基呋喃甲醛被确定为EfOM样本集废水输入的指标。总体而言，传统水质参数和热解-气相色谱/质谱法的结果表明：（1）EfOM具有与NOM不同的化学特征；（2）在本研究条件下，排放到南普拉特河的EfOM持续存在并控制着下游点的有机质量。
