Shackelford G D, Kees-Folts D, Cole B R
Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Clin Perinatol. 1992 Mar;19(1):85-119.
Since the advent of US, nearly every malformation of the urinary tract has been diagnosed in utero. Physiologic dilatation of the renal pelvis occurs and can be misdiagnosed as hydronephrosis, so the normal gestational development of the urinary tract, and its visualization by ultrasound, should be understood. Gestational diagnosis is important for family counseling, collaboration of the perinatal team, and for determining both the future evaluation needs and the possibility of intervention. Those infants at high risk, as well as others who have specific signs and symptoms of possible urinary tract disease, deserve prompt and careful postnatal imaging studies. Ultrasonograms may be combined with other imaging modalities in specific circumstances to provide accurate diagnoses and some functional information.
自从超声问世以来，几乎所有的泌尿系统畸形都能在子宫内被诊断出来。肾盂的生理性扩张可能会发生，并可能被误诊为肾积水，因此应该了解泌尿系统的正常孕期发育及其超声显像情况。孕期诊断对于家庭咨询、围产期团队协作以及确定未来的评估需求和干预可能性都很重要。那些高危婴儿以及其他有泌尿系统疾病特定体征和症状的婴儿，都应该在出生后及时进行仔细的影像学检查。在特定情况下，超声检查可与其他影像学检查方法相结合，以提供准确的诊断和一些功能信息。
