Brzank P, Hellbernd H, Maschewsky-Schneider U, Kallischnigg G
Technische Universität, Berlin.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2005 Mar;48(3):337-45. doi: 10.1007/s00103-004-1002-5.
Domestic violence (DV) is a serious risk for women's health. So far, little attention has been paid to this area in research and medical care in Germany. Acknowledging this deficit, the S.I.G.N.A.L.-Intervention Project has started to develop a program to improve the medical care for victimized women. For the first time in Germany, data on the health care needs of victimized women have been collected within the S.I.G.N.A.L.-Evaluation Research Project. This article presents the results of a female patient survey (n=806) on DV conducted in the emergency department (ED) of a university hospital in Berlin. The results demonstrate that 36.6% of women reported at least one episode of DV after the age of 16. A total of 4.6% were victims of DV over the past year, and 1.5% of women came to the ED for treatment of injuries caused by violence. A total of 57% of the victims of at least one episode of DV in their lifetime after the age of 16 described a negative impact on their health. The most frequently reported sequelae were head injuries, haematomas and fractures, gastrointestinal disorders, headache/migraine and heart disease. The psychological symptoms were anxiety, depression and suicide/self-mutilation attempts. Some 52% of the victims who reported health consequences had received medical care. In case of DV occurring, 67% of all women said that they would discuss it with their physicians. Approximately 80% of all respondents favoured a routine inquiry for DV as part of the medical history protocol of the ED.
家庭暴力对女性健康构成严重威胁。到目前为止，德国在研究和医疗领域对这一领域的关注甚少。认识到这一不足，S.I.G.N.A.L.干预项目已开始制定一项计划，以改善对受虐妇女的医疗护理。在德国，S.I.G.N.A.L.评估研究项目首次收集了受虐妇女的医疗保健需求数据。本文介绍了在柏林一家大学医院急诊科对806名女性患者进行的关于家庭暴力的调查结果。结果显示，36.6%的女性报告在16岁之后至少经历过一次家庭暴力事件。在过去一年中，共有4.6%的女性是家庭暴力的受害者，1.5%的女性因暴力受伤前来急诊科治疗。在16岁之后一生中至少经历过一次家庭暴力事件的受害者中，共有57%的人表示这对她们的健康产生了负面影响。最常报告的后遗症是头部受伤、血肿和骨折、胃肠道疾病、头痛/偏头痛和心脏病。心理症状包括焦虑、抑郁以及自杀/自残企图。在报告有健康后果的受害者中，约52%的人接受过医疗护理。在发生家庭暴力的情况下，67%的女性表示她们会与医生讨论此事。大约80%的受访者赞成将家庭暴力常规询问作为急诊科病史记录的一部分。
