Busch Robyn M, Booth Jane E, McBride Angela, Vanderploeg Rodney D, Curtiss Glenn, Duchnick Jennifer J
James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2005 Mar;19(2):171-80. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.19.2.171.
G. Tremont, S. Halpert, D. J. Javorsky, and R. A. Stern (2000) found that individuals with executive dysfunction were more impaired on less structured versus more structured verbal memory tasks. In the present study, the authors investigated the relationship between executive functions and memory in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury by examining the effect of executive functioning on more structured and less structured verbal and visual memory tasks at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Matched subgroups controlled for differences in severity of neuropsychological impairment unrelated to specific executive functions. The G. Tremont et al. (2000) findings were not replicated. Results showed that when acuteness and severity of injury were controlled, executive impairment played no significant role in performance on either more or less structured memory tasks. However, regardless of structure, executive functions played a role in visual memory performance, suggesting that visual memory may be a more fluid ability than verbal memory.
G. 特里蒙特、S. 哈尔珀特、D. J. 亚沃尔斯基和R. A. 斯特恩（2000年）发现，与结构更严谨的言语记忆任务相比，执行功能障碍患者在结构较松散的言语记忆任务中受损更严重。在本研究中，作者通过在基线和1年随访时考察执行功能对结构更严谨和结构较松散的言语及视觉记忆任务的影响，研究了有创伤性脑损伤病史患者的执行功能与记忆之间的关系。匹配的亚组控制了与特定执行功能无关的神经心理损伤严重程度的差异。G. 特里蒙特等人（2000年）的研究结果未能得到重复验证。结果表明，当损伤的急性程度和严重程度得到控制时，执行功能损伤在结构严谨或结构松散的记忆任务表现中均未发挥显著作用。然而，无论结构如何，执行功能在视觉记忆表现中都发挥了作用，这表明视觉记忆可能是一种比言语记忆更灵活的能力。
