Gonçalves Luís F, Espinoza Jimmy, Lee Wesley, Nien Jyh Kae, Hong Joon-Seok, Santolaya-Forgas Joaquin, Mazor Moshe, Romero Roberto
Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, 3990 John R, Box 4, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
J Ultrasound Med. 2005 Apr;24(4):415-24. doi: 10.7863/jum.2005.24.4.415.
The purpose of this study was to describe a method of 4-dimensional (4D) reconstruction of the cardiac chambers and outflow tracts using a combination of spatiotemporal image correlation, "inversion mode," and "B-flow" imaging.
Spatiotemporal image correlation and the inversion mode were used in the examination of the volume data sets of 23 fetuses with congenital heart anomalies. A subset was also examined with B-flow imaging using the gradient light algorithm. Digital reconstructions from abnormal hearts were compared with a library obtained from fetuses without abnormalities.
Rendered images of the 4-chamber view using the inversion mode were characterized by: (1) echogenic chambers; (2) sharp delineation of chamber contours when compared with 2-dimensional (2D) images; and (3) distinct display of the myocardium, interventricular septum, interatrial septum, and mitral and tricuspid valves as anechoic structures. Ventricular septal defects, abnormal differential insertion of the atrioventricular valves, and valve atresia were well visualized with the inversion mode. The application of inversion mode or B-flow imaging to 4D rendering of the outflow tracts resulted in "digital casts" displaying the spatial relationships between the outflow tracts as well as the connections between the great arteries and ventricular chambers. The spatial relationships and communications among cardiac structures cannot be visualized with conventional 2D ultrasonography.
The application of spatiotemporal image correlation, inversion mode, and B-flow imaging generates information about the anatomy and pathologic characteristics of the fetal heart (digital casts) that cannot be obtained with 2D fetal echocardiography. We propose that these modalities enhance the information provided by ultrasonographic interrogation of the fetal heart and will improve prenatal diagnosis.
本研究的目的是描述一种使用时空图像相关技术、“反转模式”和“B 流”成像相结合的方法对心脏腔室和流出道进行四维(4D)重建。
时空图像相关技术和反转模式用于检查 23 例先天性心脏异常胎儿的容积数据集。还使用梯度光算法对其中一部分进行 B 流成像检查。将异常心脏的数字重建结果与从无异常胎儿获得的数据库进行比较。
使用反转模式生成的四腔心视图渲染图像具有以下特点:(1)回声增强的腔室;(2)与二维(2D)图像相比,腔室轮廓清晰;(3)心肌、室间隔、房间隔以及二尖瓣和三尖瓣作为无回声结构清晰显示。反转模式能很好地显示室间隔缺损、房室瓣异常的不同附着情况以及瓣膜闭锁。将反转模式或 B 流成像应用于流出道的 4D 渲染,可得到“数字铸型”,显示流出道之间的空间关系以及大动脉与心室腔之间的连接。传统二维超声无法显示心脏结构之间的空间关系和连通情况。
时空图像相关技术、反转模式和 B 流成像的应用可生成二维胎儿超声心动图无法获得的有关胎儿心脏解剖结构和病理特征的信息(数字铸型)。我们认为这些方法可增强胎儿心脏超声检查所提供的信息,并将改善产前诊断。