Treatment outcomes: first time versus treatment-experienced clients.

A sample of treatment seeking clients was assessed at intake and 6, 12, 24 and 30 months later. Treatment-naive and treatment-experienced clients were compared in terms of baseline characteristics, 6-month outcomes, and predictors of these outcomes. Long-term outcomes of clients achieving an initially successful outcome were compared for the two groups. Results revealed significant short-term improvement for both groups, although treatment-experienced clients reported more serious drug use. The most consistent significant predictors of substance use outcomes were baseline severity of substance use and self-help participation. Outcome predictors unique to each group were also identified. Long-term outcomes for clients with an initial successful outcome tended to be better for treatment-experienced than treatment-naive clients. Both groups tended to have poorer outcomes as the follow-up duration increased. The results suggest that common and unique predictors of outcomes be considered in treating these two groups of clients. Additionally, treatment-naive clients may be at increased risk for poor outcomes even when initial success is achieved.