Kurbatova E M, Dutova T A, Trotsenko Iu A
Genetika. 2005 Feb;41(2):149-65.
Intracellular organelles, peroxisomes, occur in cells of most eukaryotic species. Human severe congenital disorders are associated with defective assembly and functioning of peroxisomes, which partly explains the attention of researchers paid to peroxisome biogenesis. It has been shown that peroxisomes are involved in the realization of eukaryotic developmental programs (in particular, neuroblast differentiation and postembryonic development). Cytobiochemical and electron-microscopic studies of mutations involving peroxisomes showed that the primary role in peroxisome biogenesis is played by synthesis of proteins (peroxins) and their transport and incorporation into peroxisome membranes. More than 30 peroxin-encoding genes have been examined. These genes are synthesized on free polysomes and transported into peroxisomes by means of specific signaling peptides, PTS1, PTS2, and PTS3. The import of matrix proteins depends on at least two shuttle receptor proteins, Pex5p and Pex7p. Some proteins regulating peroxisome proliferation in cells have been identified.
细胞内细胞器——过氧化物酶体存在于大多数真核生物物种的细胞中。人类严重先天性疾病与过氧化物酶体的组装缺陷和功能异常有关，这在一定程度上解释了研究人员对过氧化物酶体生物发生的关注。研究表明，过氧化物酶体参与真核生物发育程序的实现（特别是神经母细胞分化和胚胎后发育）。对涉及过氧化物酶体的突变进行的细胞生化和电子显微镜研究表明，蛋白质（过氧化物酶）的合成及其运输和整合到过氧化物酶体膜中在过氧化物酶体生物发生中起主要作用。已经研究了30多个编码过氧化物酶的基因。这些基因在游离多核糖体上合成，并通过特定的信号肽PTS1、PTS2和PTS3运输到过氧化物酶体中。基质蛋白的导入至少依赖于两种穿梭受体蛋白Pex5p和Pex7p。已经鉴定出一些调节细胞中过氧化物酶体增殖的蛋白质。
