Miller Douglas K, Wolinsky Fredric D, Malmstrom Theodore K, Andresen Elena M, Miller J Philip
School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005 Feb;60(2):207-12. doi: 10.1093/gerona/60.2.207.
Healthy People 2010 seeks to decrease or eliminate the health disparities experienced by disadvantaged minority groups.
African American Health (AAH) is a population-based panel study of community-dwelling African Americans born between 1936 and 1950 from two strata. The first encompasses a poor, inner city area, and the second involves a suburban population with higher socioeconomic status. The authors recruited 998 participants (76% recruitment). Frank disability was assessed for 25 tasks and defined as inability or difficulty performing that task. Subclinical disability was assessed for 12 tasks and defined as no difficulty but a change in either manner or frequency of task performance. Frank disability prevalences were compared with national data for community-dwelling non-Hispanic white persons (NHW) and African American persons in the same age range.
Compared with the suburban sample, the inner city group had a higher prevalence of frank disability for all 25 tasks (p<.05 for 16) and subclinical disability for 11 of the 12 tasks (p<.05 for 5). Both strata had more frank disability compared with the national NHW population. The inner city area had higher frank disability proportions than did the national African American sample, whereas the suburban group had similar disability levels.
The AAH inner city group experiences more frank disability than other populations of African Americans and NHWs. The increased prevalence of subclinical disability in the inner city group compared with the suburban group suggests that the disparity in frank disability will continue. These findings indicate that African Americans living in poor inner city areas in particular need intensive and targeted clinical and public health efforts.
《健康人民2010》旨在减少或消除弱势群体所经历的健康差距。
非裔美国人健康研究（AAH）是一项基于人群的队列研究，研究对象为1936年至1950年出生的来自两个阶层的社区居住非裔美国人。第一个阶层包括贫困的市中心城区，第二个阶层涉及社会经济地位较高的郊区人群。作者招募了998名参与者（招募率为76%）。对25项任务进行了明显残疾评估，定义为无法完成或难以完成该任务。对12项任务进行了亚临床残疾评估，定义为没有困难但任务执行方式或频率有变化。将明显残疾患病率与同年龄范围内社区居住的非西班牙裔白人（NHW）和非裔美国人的全国数据进行了比较。
与郊区样本相比，市中心城区组在所有25项任务中的明显残疾患病率更高（16项p<. 05），在12项任务中的11项亚临床残疾患病率更高（5项p<. 05）。与全国NHW人群相比，两个阶层的明显残疾患病率都更高。市中心城区的明显残疾比例高于全国非裔美国人样本，而郊区组的残疾水平相似。
AAH市中心城区组比其他非裔美国人和NHW人群经历更多的明显残疾。与郊区组相比，市中心城区组亚临床残疾患病率的增加表明明显残疾的差距将持续存在。这些发现表明，特别是生活在贫困市中心城区的非裔美国人需要强化和有针对性的临床和公共卫生努力。
