Grazú Valeria, Abian Olga, Mateo Cesar, Batista-Viera Franciso, Fernández-Lafuente Roberto, Guisán José Manuel
Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC, Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
Biotechnol Bioeng. 2005 Jun 5;90(5):597-605. doi: 10.1002/bit.20452.
The controlled and partial modification of epoxy groups of Eupergit C and EP-Sepabeads with sodium sulfide has permitted the preparation of thiol-epoxy supports. Their use allowed not only the specific immobilization of enzymes through their thiol groups via thiol-disulfide interchange, but also enzyme stabilization via multipoint covalent attachment. Penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Escherichia coli and lipase from Rhizomucor miehei were used as model enzymes. Both enzymes lacked exposed cysteine residues, but were introduced via chemical modification under very mild conditions. In the first moments of the immobilization, a certain percentage of immobilized protein could be released from the support by incubation with DTT; this confirms that the first step was via a thiol-disulfide interchange. Moreover, the promotion of some further epoxy-enzyme bonds was confirmed because no enzyme release was detected after some immobilization time by incubation with DTT. In the case of the heterodimeric PGA, it was possible to demonstrate the formation of at least one epoxy bond per enzyme subunit by analyzing with SDS-PAGE the supernatants obtained after boiling the enzyme derivatives in the presence of mercaptoethanol and SDS. Thermal inactivation studies showed that these multipoint enzyme-support attachments promoted an increase in the stability of the immobilized enzymes. In both cases, the stabilization factor was around 12-15-fold comparing optimal derivatives with their just-thiol immobilized counterparts.
用硫化钠对Eupergit C和EP-Sepabeads的环氧基团进行可控的部分修饰,从而制备出了硫醇-环氧载体。它们的使用不仅能够通过硫醇-二硫键交换,使酶通过其硫醇基团进行特异性固定,还能通过多点共价连接实现酶的稳定化。来自大肠杆菌的青霉素G酰化酶(PGA)和来自米黑根毛霉的脂肪酶被用作模型酶。这两种酶都没有暴露的半胱氨酸残基,但在非常温和的条件下通过化学修饰被引入。在固定化的最初阶段,一定比例的固定化蛋白可以通过与二硫苏糖醇(DTT)孵育从载体上释放出来;这证实了第一步是通过硫醇-二硫键交换进行的。此外,由于在与DTT孵育一定固定化时间后未检测到酶的释放,因此证实了一些进一步的环氧-酶键的形成。对于异二聚体PGA,通过在巯基乙醇和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)存在下将酶衍生物煮沸后,用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析所得的上清液,有可能证明每个酶亚基至少形成了一个环氧键。热失活研究表明,这些多点酶-载体连接促进了固定化酶稳定性的提高。在这两种情况下,与仅通过硫醇固定的对应物相比,最佳衍生物的稳定因子约为12至15倍。