Jos Angeles, Pichardo Silvia, Prieto Ana I, Repetto Guillermo, Vázquez Carmen M, Moreno Isabel, Cameán Ana M
Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González no. 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Apr 30;72(3):261-71. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.01.003.
The effects of microcystins from cyanobacterial cells on various oxidative stress biomarkers in liver, kidney and gill tissues in freshwater tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Microcystins are a family of cyclic peptide toxins produced by species of freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Fish were exposed to the cyanobacterial cells in two ways: mixed with a commercial fish food or crushed into a commercial fish food so that the toxins were released. Two different exposure times were studied: 14 and 21 days. The oxidative status of fish was evaluated by analyzing the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). The findings of the present investigation show that microcystins induce oxidative stress in a time-dependent manner and that the type of administration of the cyanobacterial cells influences the extent of these effects. Thus, the crushed cyanobacterial cells (released toxins) induced the antioxidant defences studied and increased the LPO level to a greater extent than the non-crushed cells. The liver was the most affected organ followed by kidney and gills. These results together with reports that fish can accumulate microcystins mean that cyanobacterial blooms are an important health, environmental and economic problem.
在实验室条件下，研究了蓝藻细胞中的微囊藻毒素对淡水罗非鱼（Oreochromis sp.）肝脏、肾脏和鳃组织中各种氧化应激生物标志物的影响。微囊藻毒素是一类由淡水蓝藻（蓝绿藻）产生的环状肽毒素。鱼通过两种方式接触蓝藻细胞：与商业鱼食混合或粉碎后混入商业鱼食中以使毒素释放。研究了两种不同的暴露时间：14天和21天。通过分析脂质过氧化（LPO）水平以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）等抗氧化酶的活性来评估鱼的氧化状态。本研究结果表明，微囊藻毒素以时间依赖性方式诱导氧化应激，并且蓝藻细胞的给药方式会影响这些效应的程度。因此，粉碎的蓝藻细胞（释放的毒素）诱导了所研究的抗氧化防御，并比未粉碎的细胞更显著地提高了LPO水平。肝脏是受影响最严重的器官，其次是肾脏和鳃。这些结果以及关于鱼可以积累微囊藻毒素的报道意味着蓝藻水华是一个重要的健康、环境和经济问题。
