Grunder Ueli, Gracis Stefano, Capelli Matteo
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2005 Apr;25(2):113-9.
There are biologic limits of the soft tissue dimension around implants; therefore, the limiting factor for the esthetic result of implant therapy is the bone level at the implant site. Clinicians must focus on the 3-D bone-to-implant relationship to establish the basis for an ideal and harmonic soft tissue situation that is stable over a long period. In some situations, missing bone is a limiting factor for esthetics; in others, it is possible to regenerate new bone around implants. As a certain amount of bone resorption occurs around implants as soon as the implant is in contact with the oral environment, the distance between an implant and adjacent tooth, as well as the distance between two implants, is as important as the bone volume on the buccal side of the implant head and in the papillary area, especially for the long-term result. This article discusses the 3-D bone-to-implant relationship and its influence on soft tissue esthetics around implants.
种植体周围软组织维度存在生物学限制；因此，种植治疗美学效果的限制因素是种植部位的骨水平。临床医生必须关注三维的骨与种植体关系，以建立长期稳定的理想和谐软组织状况的基础。在某些情况下，骨量缺失是美学的限制因素；而在其他情况下，种植体周围有可能再生新骨。由于种植体一旦与口腔环境接触，种植体周围就会发生一定量的骨吸收，种植体与相邻牙齿之间的距离以及两个种植体之间的距离，与种植体头部颊侧和乳头区的骨量同样重要，尤其是对于长期效果而言。本文讨论三维的骨与种植体关系及其对种植体周围软组织美学的影响。
