Shi Lianfa, Keefe Dennis, Durand Enrique, Feng Hanping, Zhang Dong, Lieberman Judy
CBR Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
J Immunol. 2005 May 1;174(9):5456-61. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5456.
Perforin (PFN) delivery of granzymes (Gzm) into the target cell at the immunological synapse is the major pathway for inducing apoptosis of virus-infected cells and tumors. A validated model for how PFN delivers Gzm into the cytosol is still lacking. PFN was originally thought to work by forming pores in the target cell plasma membrane that allow Gzm entry. This model was questioned when it was shown that GzmB is endocytosed without PFN. Moreover, apoptosis could be triggered by adding PFN to washed cells that have previously endocytosed GzmB. In this study, we show that GzmB binds to the plasma membrane mostly via nonspecific charge interactions. Washing in saline does not remove bound Gzm. However, if externally bound GzmB is completely removed, subsequent addition of PFN does not release previously endocytosed GzmB and does not trigger apoptosis. Therefore, PFN must be coendocytosed with GzmB to deliver it into the cytosol.
在免疫突触处,穿孔素(PFN)将颗粒酶(Gzm)递送至靶细胞是诱导病毒感染细胞和肿瘤细胞凋亡的主要途径。目前仍缺乏一个经过验证的关于PFN如何将Gzm递送至细胞质溶胶的模型。PFN最初被认为是通过在靶细胞质膜上形成孔道来使Gzm进入细胞。当有研究表明GzmB可在无PFN的情况下被内吞时,该模型受到质疑。此外,向先前已内吞GzmB的洗涤细胞中添加PFN可触发细胞凋亡。在本研究中,我们发现GzmB主要通过非特异性电荷相互作用与质膜结合。用生理盐水洗涤不能去除结合的Gzm。然而,如果完全去除外部结合的GzmB,随后添加PFN不会释放先前内吞的GzmB,也不会触发细胞凋亡。因此,PFN必须与GzmB共同内吞才能将其递送至细胞质溶胶。