Miki Andrew, Santi Angelo
Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Waterloo, Canada.
Q J Exp Psychol B. 2005 Jan;58(1):31-45. doi: 10.1080/0272499044000032.
Pigeons were trained in a within-subjects design to discriminate durations of a filled interval (2 s and 8 s of light) and durations of an empty interval (2 s and 8 s bound by two 500-ms light markers). Filled intervals required a response to one set of comparisons (e.g., blue vs. yellow), whereas empty intervals required a response to a different set of comparisons (e.g., red vs. green). Psychophysical testing indicated that empty intervals were judged to be longer than equivalent durations of a filled interval. This finding was replicated when the anchor durations used during training were changed to 1 s and 4s, or 4s and 16s. The difference between the point of subjective equality (PSE) for the empty intervals and the PSE for filled intervals increased as the magnitude of the anchor duration pairs increased. In addition, the difference limens (DL) for empty intervals were smaller than those for filled intervals, and they also increased as the magnitude of anchor duration pairs increased. An analysis of the Weber fractions (WF; i.e., DL/PSE) provided evidence for superimposition of the empty and filled timing functions across the different sets of anchor durations. These results suggest that the accumulation of subjective time was greater for empty intervals than for filled intervals. Within the framework of scalar timing theory, this difference in timing appeared to be the result of a clock rate difference rather than a switch latency difference.
鸽子在一项被试内设计中接受训练，以区分填充间隔（2秒和8秒的光）的持续时间和空间隔（由两个500毫秒的光标记界定的2秒和8秒）的持续时间。填充间隔要求对一组比较做出反应（例如，蓝色对黄色），而空间隔要求对另一组比较做出反应（例如，红色对绿色）。心理物理学测试表明，空间隔被判断为比等效持续时间的填充间隔更长。当训练期间使用的锚定持续时间改为1秒和4秒，或4秒和16秒时，这一发现得到了重复。空间隔的主观相等点（PSE）与填充间隔的PSE之间的差异随着锚定持续时间对的大小增加而增加。此外，空间隔的差别阈限（DL）小于填充间隔的差别阈限，并且它们也随着锚定持续时间对的大小增加而增加。对韦伯分数（WF；即DL/PSE）的分析提供了证据，表明空间隔和填充间隔的计时函数在不同组的锚定持续时间上叠加。这些结果表明，空间隔的主观时间积累比填充间隔更大。在标量计时理论的框架内，这种计时差异似乎是时钟速率差异而非切换潜伏期差异的结果。
