Färber Katrin, Kettenmann Helmut
Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005 Apr;48(2):133-43. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.12.003.
Microglial cells in culture and in situ express a defined pattern of K(+) channels, which is distinct from that of other glial cells and neurons. This pattern undergoes defined changes with microglial activation. As expected for a cell with immunological properties, microglia express a variety of cytokine and chemokine receptors, which are linked to the mobilization of Ca(2+) (cytosolic free calcium) from internal stores. Microglial cells also have the capacity to respond to neuronal activity: they express receptors for the major excitatory receptor glutamate and the main inhibitory receptor GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid). By expressing purinergic receptors, microglia can sense astrocyte activity in the form of Ca(2+) waves. Activation of transmitter receptors can affect cytokine release which is a potential means as to how brain activity can affect immune function.
培养状态和原位的小胶质细胞表达特定模式的钾离子通道，这与其他胶质细胞和神经元的模式不同。这种模式会随着小胶质细胞的激活而发生特定变化。正如具有免疫特性的细胞所预期的那样，小胶质细胞表达多种细胞因子和趋化因子受体，这些受体与从内部储存库中动员钙离子（胞质游离钙）有关。小胶质细胞也有能力对神经元活动作出反应：它们表达主要兴奋性受体谷氨酸和主要抑制性受体GABA（γ-氨基丁酸）的受体。通过表达嘌呤能受体，小胶质细胞能够以钙离子波的形式感知星形胶质细胞的活动。递质受体的激活会影响细胞因子的释放，这是大脑活动影响免疫功能的一种潜在方式。
