MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Apr 29;54(16):408-12.
In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally. Since then, substantial worldwide progress has been made toward that goal; the number of countries where polio is endemic declined from 125 in 1988 to six by the end of 2003. Further progress in 2004 toward interruption of transmission has continued in the three Asian countries where polio is endemic (Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan). However, in 2003, two countries in Africa experienced a resurgence of polio cases; the resurgence continued to spread in 2004 from the Nigeria-Niger endemic reservoir to involve a total of 14 countries that had not reported polio > or =1 year. Local transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) has been reestablished in six of these 14 countries, including Sudan, where a major outbreak occurred. This report describes global efforts to eradicate polio during January 2004-March 2005 and outlines remaining challenges to interrupting transmission in countries where polio remains endemic or transmission has been reestablished.
1988年，世界卫生组织（WHO）世界卫生大会决定在全球根除脊髓灰质炎。自那时以来，在实现该目标方面已在全球取得了重大进展；脊髓灰质炎流行国家的数量从1988年的125个减少到2003年底的6个。2004年，在脊髓灰质炎流行的三个亚洲国家（阿富汗、印度和巴基斯坦），在阻断传播方面继续取得进一步进展。然而，2003年，非洲有两个国家脊髓灰质炎病例出现复发；2004年，疫情继续从尼日利亚-尼日尔流行疫源地蔓延，累及总共14个已超过1年未报告脊髓灰质炎的国家。在这14个国家中的6个国家，包括发生了一次重大疫情的苏丹，野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV）已重新建立了本地传播。本报告描述了2004年1月至2005年3月期间全球根除脊髓灰质炎的努力，并概述了在脊髓灰质炎仍然流行或传播已重新建立的国家中阻断传播所面临的剩余挑战。
