Penkov L I, Platonov E S, Dimitrov B D, Mironova O V, Koniukhov B V
Ontogenez. 2005 Mar-Apr;36(2):145-50.
We studied the effects of three growth factors, fibroblast growth factor (FGF4), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), on development of diploid parthenogenetic embryos of C57BL/6 mice, which are not capable of developing to somatic stages. Parthenogenetic embryos were treated with growth factors at optimal doses in vitro at the morula--blastocyst stages and transplanted in the uterus of pseudopregnant females. FGF4 and TGFalpha improved the development of parthenogenetic embryos at the preimplantation stages and the number of blastocysts increased under the influence of TGFalpha. All three growth factors improved the implantation of embryos in the uterus. When FGF4 or TGFbeta1 were added to the nutrient medium, 2.4 or 1.6%, respectively, of parthenogenetic embryos reached the somatic stages in utero. No somitic embryos were observed in the control. The treatment of parthenogenetic embryos with two growth factors, FGF4 and TGFbeta1, simultaneously increased the amount of somatic embryos to 7.5%, while combination of three growth factors in creased the amount of such embryos to 16.7%. In the latter case, some parthenogenetic embryos reached the stage of 25-27 pairs of somites and were 2.0-2.5 mm long. The data we obtained suggest that, when combined, the growth factors FGF4, TGFalpha, and RGFbeta1 possessed a synergistic effect leading to a significant improvement of the development of parthenogenetic C57BL/6 embryos.
我们研究了三种生长因子，即成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF4）、转化生长因子α（TGFα）和转化生长因子β1（TGFβ1），对无法发育到体细胞阶段的C57BL/6小鼠二倍体孤雌胚胎发育的影响。在桑椹胚-囊胚阶段，用最佳剂量的生长因子对孤雌胚胎进行体外处理，然后移植到假孕雌性小鼠的子宫中。FGF4和TGFα改善了着床前阶段孤雌胚胎的发育，在TGFα的影响下囊胚数量增加。所有三种生长因子都改善了胚胎在子宫中的着床。当向培养基中添加FGF4或TGFβ1时，分别有2.4%或1.6%的孤雌胚胎在子宫内发育到体细胞阶段。对照组未观察到体节胚胎。同时用FGF4和TGFβ1这两种生长因子处理孤雌胚胎，使体细胞胚胎数量增加到7.5%，而三种生长因子联合使用则使此类胚胎数量增加到16.7%。在后一种情况下，一些孤雌胚胎发育到了有25 - 27对体节的阶段，长度为2.0 - 2.5毫米。我们获得的数据表明，生长因子FGF4、TGFα和TGFβ1联合使用时具有协同作用，能显著改善C57BL/6孤雌胚胎的发育。
