Krisciūnas Aleksandras
Clinic of Rehabilitation, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2005;41(4):355-8.
Lithuanian health resorts are national resources of this country. Body hardening, health promotion, disease prevention and rehabilitation by means of applying natural factors are linked for centuries with the names of health resorts such as Druskininkai and Birstonas. The effect of natural factors is multiplex and depends on many parameters the study of which in concrete health resorts is indispensable in order to individualize the treatment at the health resorts and avoid undesirable side effects. As the contingent of the patients being referred to the sanatoria is changing--the number of severe patients after acute disorders and traumas is increasing constantly--the need of such studies becomes relevant. However, after renewal of independence of Lithuania in 1990, the policy of health resort development on the national scale has not been carried out yet. Besides, the number of localities that aim for becoming health resorts is increasing, however, such localities often do not meet the required criteria. The article reviews the status of health resorts and their localities together with their regulations in Lithuania, their development, specificity, the effects of the health resort natural factors (climatotherapy, balneotherapy, pelotherapy) on the healthy body and patients. The data are presented on the development of research studies concerning health resorts and main trends of health resort medicine: health promotion, prevention of disorders, early health resort rehabilitation, health resort tourism, treatment and health resort etiology. Possibilities of revival of studies concerning the effects of health resort factors on the rehabilities are discussed.
立陶宛的温泉疗养地是该国的国家资源。几个世纪以来，通过利用自然因素进行身体强化、促进健康、预防疾病和康复，一直与诸如德鲁斯基宁凯和比尔斯特纳斯等温泉疗养地的名字联系在一起。自然因素的作用是多方面的，并且取决于许多参数，为了使温泉疗养地的治疗个性化并避免不良副作用，在具体的温泉疗养地对这些参数进行研究是必不可少的。随着转诊到疗养院的患者群体在发生变化——急性疾病和创伤后重症患者的数量在不断增加——此类研究的需求变得至关重要。然而，1990年立陶宛恢复独立后，全国范围内的温泉疗养地发展政策尚未实施。此外，旨在成为温泉疗养地的地区数量在增加，然而，这些地区往往不符合要求的标准。本文回顾了立陶宛温泉疗养地及其所在地的现状、相关规定、发展情况、特殊性、温泉疗养地自然因素（气候疗法、浴疗法、泥疗法）对健康身体和患者的影响。文中还介绍了有关温泉疗养地的研究进展以及温泉疗养医学的主要趋势：促进健康、预防疾病、早期温泉疗养康复、温泉疗养旅游、治疗和温泉疗养病因学。讨论了恢复有关温泉疗养地因素对康复影响研究的可能性。
